Showing posts with label CENTAR OBNOVLJIVIH IZVORA ENERGIJE. Show all posts
Showing posts with label CENTAR OBNOVLJIVIH IZVORA ENERGIJE. Show all posts

Sunday, March 6, 2011

HCOIE Obnovljivi Izvori Energije





HRVATSKI CENTAR OBNOVLJIVIH IZVORA ENERGIJE



Obnovljivi izvori energije

Obnovljivi izvori energije u hrvatskom se Zakonu o energiji definiraju kao: „izvori energije koji su sačuvani u prirodi i obnavljaju se u cijelosti ili djelomično, posebno energija vodotoka, vjetra, neakumulirana sunčeva energija, biodizel, biomasa, bioplin, geotermalna energija itd.”

Hrvatska se obvezala do 2010. godine imati udjel „novih“ obnovljivih izvora (male hidroelektrane električne snage manje od 10 MW, vjetroelektrane, geotermalne elektrane, elektrane na biomasu, fotonaponske elektrane i drugi izvori) u ukupnoj potrošnji električne energije od 5,8 posto (Uredba o minimalnom udjelu električne energije proizvedene iz obnovljivih izvora energije i kogeneracije čija se proizvodnja potiče).

Zaštita okoliša

Obnovljivi izvori energije su manje štetni za okoliš nego konvencionalni izvori u smislu ispuštanja:
stakleničkih plinova
krutih čestica
teških metala
plinova uzročnika kiselih kiša
plinova uzročnika prizemnog ozona.

Proizvodnjom električne energije iz nekog od obnovljivih izvora štedi se energetsko gorivo, koje bi se inače potrošilo u nekoj od konvencionalih elektrana za proizvodnju jednake količine električne energije.

Primjerice, nekoliko MWh električne energije proizvedenih u vjetroelektrani štedi nekoliko tona ugljena koje bi se iskoristile u elektrani na ugljen za proizvodnju jednake količine MWh.

Osim toga, obnovljive izvore energije je nemoguće potrošiti. Primjerice, vjetar se može koristiti dok god ga ima. Vijek trajanja vjetroelektrane ograničen je samo vijekom trajanja konstrukcije vjetroturbine i njenih uređaja.

Smanjenje ovisnosti o uvozu

Obnovljivi izvori energije smanjuju ovisnost o uvozu energenata. Vjetar ili Sunce ne moraju se uvoziti, za razliku od ugljena, plina ili nafte.

Također, oni doprinose raznovrsnosti izvora energije.

Kao primjer, zamislite sustav koji ima samo plinske elektrane. Što bi se dogodilo u slučaju prekida isporuke plina ili naglog povećanja cijena? Zbog toga, sustavi moraju imati različite vrste elektrana koje koriste različite tipove goriva. Dakako, niti sustav sastavljen samo od vjetroelektrana ne bi bio održiv niti stabilan.

Razvoj ruralnih područja

Obnovljivi izvori energije doprinose razvoju ruralnih područja.

Lokacije elektrana koje koriste neki od obnovljivih izvora energije najčešće su izvan urbanih središta, pa doprinose razvoju toga područja, posebice u smislu:
zapošljavanja lokalnog stanovništva,
izgradnje prometnica i pristupnih putova,
sigurnije opskrbe električnom energijom te
dodatnih sadržaja u okolici takve elektrane.

Dodatnu pogodnost predstavljaju i novčane naknade lokalnoj zajednici, koje je vlasnik elektrane obvezan isplaćivati (prema važećem Zakonu naknada iznosi 0.01 kn/kWh za vjetroelektrane instalirane snage veće od 1 MW, geotermalne elektrane i male hidroelektrane).

Nedostaci korištenja obnovljivih izvora

Za širu upotrebu obnovljivih izvora energije postoje i određene poteškoće i ograničenja – nestalnost i nepredvidivost izvora, mala efikasnost i visoke cijene, koje smo opisali u podizbornicima s pripadajućim objašnjenjima i primjerima.

Međutim, sva navedena ograničenja i poteškoće mogu se riješiti pomnim odabirom lokacije, provođenjem mjerenja i izradom studija, smislenim i stručnim odabirom opreme, uvođenjem poticajnih cijena za otkup električne energije iz obnovljivih izvora (koje je nedavno primijenila i Hrvatska) te kvalitetnim planiranjem.


Ciljevi


Poboljšanje ukupne bilance emisija CO2, što može pomoći u planiranju i izgradnji temeljnih elektrana na fosilna goriva.
Doprinos diverzifikaciji primarnih izvora energije, te smanjenje rizika od fluktuacije cijena nafte i plina.
Razvoj novih kompetencija na području obnovljivih izvora energije.

Misija

Istraživanje i razvoj, izgradnja, financiranje i eksploatacija obnovljivih izvora energije radi osiguranja pouzdane i ekonomične proizvodnje električne energije i ostvarenja ciljeva održivog razvoja i zaštite okoliša.

Vizija

Biti investitor i proizvođač električne energije iz obnovljivih izvora energije u regiji, kao i nositelj elektroenergetskog klastera u području korištenja obnovljivih izvora energije.


Načini suradnje

Suradnja se može provoditi na nekoliko razina:
tehnička suradnja - obuhvaća suradnju na izradi samog projekta (lokacija, tehnički opis, oprema, izgradnja i slično), vođenju projekta, vođenju cjelokupnog postrojenja i slično,
financijska suradnja - obuhvaća sufinanciranje gotovih projekata, koje izrađuju pertneri, za koje procijenimo da je suradnja s njima isplativa.
lokalni partner - označava oblik suradnje posebno pogodan za inozemne partnere, jer uključuje pomoć pri razumijevanju lokalnih uvjeta (pravnih, regulatornih, financijskih i drugih) i pomoć pri procesu prikupljanja potrebnih dozvola.

Suradnja je moguća na bilo kojoj od spomenutih razina posebno, kao i bilo koja kombinacija tih razina.

Prioriteti ulaganja u OIE

S obzirom na stanje u hrvatskom elektroenergetskom sektoru, kao i na stupanj razvijenosti i profitabilnost pojedinih obnovljivih izvora energije u Europi i svijetu, odredili smo prioritete ulaganja u obnovljive izvore kako slijedi:


Vjetroelektrane imaju najveći prioritet ulaganja zbog:
visokog stupnja razvijenosti tehnologije,
relativno velikog iskustva u državama EU i svijeta,
razmjerno velike instalirane snage i
vrlo dobrog vjetropotencijala nekih područja Republike Hrvatske.

Elektrane na biomasu su na drugom mjestu zbog:
velikog i do sada nekorištenog potencijala resursa u Hrvatskoj (otpad, ostaci drvne industrije, poljoprivredni ostaci i slično),
razmjerno velike instalirane snage i
povećane mogućnosti planiranja resursa.

Male hidroelektrane zauzimaju treće mjesto na popisu prioriteta zbog toga:
jer su provjerena tehnologija.

Geotermalne elektrane su na četvrtom mjestu jer:
prema procjenama Hrvatska ima natprosječan geotermalni potencijal u europskim okvirima,
za proizvodnju električne energije iz takvih izvora su određene relativno visoke tarife (1,26kn/kWh),
riječ je o vrlo skupim tehnologijama relativno nepoznatim na našem tržištu,
predstavljaju veći rizik u odnosu na ostale obnovljive izvore i tehnologije.

Fotonaponske elektrane zauzimaju posljednje mjesto zbog:
neekonomičnosti centralizirane proizvodnje i
zakonski predviđenog maksimalnog 1 MW instalirane snage u cijeloj Hrvatskoj u 2010. godini.

Razmotrit će sve projekte potencijalnih partnera, međutim uvijek će imati u vidu spomenuti popis prioriteta ulaganja, prema čemu će usmjeravati svoja sredstva i suradnju.

Način vrednovanja projekata

Pri procjenama projekata i partnera, obraćamo pozornost na spektar različitih čimbenika, koje navodimo u nastavku.
Procjena dostupnih resursa: raspoloživost resursa (primjerice, vjetar),
osiguranje resursa (primjerice, biomasa),
cijena resursa,
kvaliteta resursa i
klimatski uvjeti.
Procjena mogućnosti gradnje:tehničke specifikacije,
dobavljači i
jamstva.
Procjena tehničkih i regulatornih uvjeta:ugovori s operatorom mreže,
povezanost na mrežu i
potpora regulatornih tijela.
Procjena partnera temeljem prijašnjih projekata:iskustvo na sličnim projektima,
financijski podaci o projektima i
menadžment i kadrovi.
Procjena financijskih sredstava:financiranje projekta,
osjetljivost toka novca i
likvidnost i solventnost partnera.
Ispitivanje pravnih okvira:dozvole,
ugovori i
usklađenost s prostornim planom.
Procjena socijalnog i ekološkog utjecaja:utjecaj na okoliš i
utjecaj na lokalne zajednice.


Najčešća pitanja

Želio bih proizvoditi struju iz solarnih kolektora. Po kojoj cijeni HEP otkupljuje električnu energiju?

Od 1.srpnja 2007. godine na snazi je nova zakonska regulativa za korištenje obnovljivih izvora energije (OIE) i plasiranje te energije u električnu mrežu. Prema novoj regulativi HEP više nije zadužen za otkup električne energije iz OIE, već se Ugovor o otkupu potpisuje sa Hrvatskim operatorom tržišta energije. Isto tako, svaki proizvođač električne energije iz OIE može postati povlašteni proizvođač i od HROTE-a dobivati posebnu otkupnu cijenu, koja za solarne elektrane iznosi 2,10-3,40 kn po kWh plasiranom u električnu mrežu, ovisno o instaliranoj snazi elektrane. Procedura prema kojoj se postaje povlašteni proizvođač opisana je u podzakonskim aktima, a nadležne institucije su Hrvatska regulatorna agencija, Ministarstvo gospodarstva, rada i poduzetništva, HROTE i HEP-ODS (za priključak na distribucijsku mrežu).

Planiram pokrenuti projekt elektrane na biomasu i želio bih pritom surađivati s HEP OIE. Ima li i kakvih uvjeta kod odabira lokacije za elektranu (do 5 MW)? Treba li s HEP-om napraviti kakav ugovor odnosno predugovor u svrhu dobivanja kreditnih jamstava?

S obzirom da se radi o maloj instaliranoj snazi (do 5 MW), projekt je pogodniji za poduzetničko investiranje, nego za ulazak HEP-a. Od 1.srpnja 2007. godine na snazi je nova zakonska regulativa za korištenje obnovljivih izvora energije (OIE) i plasiranje te energije u električnu mrežu. Prema novoj regulativi HEP više nije zadužen za otkup električne energije iz OIE, već se Ugovor o otkupu potpisuje sa Hrvatskim operatorom tržišta energije. Za otkup električne energije zato nije potreban nikakav predugovor s HEP-om. Jedini potrebni kontakt s HEP-om je kontakt s lokalnom distribucijom za pitanja priključenja elektrane na električnu mrežu. Svaki proizvođač električne energije iz OIE može postati povlašteni proizvođač i od HROTE-a dobivati posebnu otkupnu cijenu. Za elektrane na biomasu ta je cijena od 0,83 do 1,20kn po kWh električne energije predane u mrežu. Procedura prema kojoj se postaje povlašteni proizvođač opisana je u podzakonskim aktima, a nadležne institucije su Hrvatska regulatorna agencija, Ministarstvo gospodarstva, rada i poduzetništva, HROTE i HEP-ODS (za priključak na distribucijsku mrežu).

Zanima me ulaganje u obnovljive izvore energije. Molim vas za sastanak kako bih vam predstavio svoje ideje i projekte?

Molimo vas da nam pošaljete detalje o vašem projektu na: solarserdar@gmail.com.
Opis projekta treba sadržavati sljedeće podatke: opis tvrtke (investitora) i reference na sličnim projektima, opis lokacije, opis korištene tehnologije, instaliranu snagu i očekivanu proizvodnju, očekivanu razinu ulaganja, očekivani mjesto priključka na električnu mrežu, eventualne suglasnosti državne i lokalne uprave. Ukoliko se projekt pokaže zanimljivim, dogovorit ćemo sastanak.


Na mome zemljištu postoji potok / jak vjetar / dobra osunčanost i želio bih to iskoristiti za proizvodnju električne energije. Kome se trebam obratiti?

Predlažemo da se za sve informacije obratite Ministarstvu gospodarstva, rada i poduzetništva (Uprava za energetiku i rudarstvo),Hrvatskom Centru Obnovljivih Izvora Energije, lokalnoj razvojnoj agenciji ili Fondu za zaštitu okoliša i energetsku učinkovitost.

Većina tehnologije obnovljivih izvora energije se na direktan ili indirektan način napaja iz Sunca. Sustav Zemljine atmosfere je uravnotežen tako da je toplinsko zračenje u svemir jednako pristiglom sunčevom zračenju što rezultira određenim energetskim stupnjem unutar Zemljinog atmosferskog sustava što u grubo možemo opisati kao Zemljina klima.

Hidrosfera (voda) upije veći udio dolazećeg zračenja. Najviše zračenja se apsorbira pri maloj geografskoj širini u području oko ekvatora, ali se ta energija raspršuje u obliku vjetrova i morskih struja po cijelom planetu. Gibanje valova moglo bi imati važnu ulogu u procesu pretvorbe mehaničke energije između atmosfere i oceana kroz opterećenje uzrokovano vjetrom. Sunčeva energija je također odgovorna za distribuciju padalina, koje su stvarane hidroelektričnim projektima, i za uzgoj biljaka koje su potrebne za proizvodnju biogoriva.

Strujanje obnovljive energije uključuje prirodne fenomene kao što su: sunčeva svjetlost, vjetar, valovi, geotermalna toplina kao što Internacionalna Agencija za Energiju objašnjava: "Obnovljiva energija je dobivena iz prirodnih procesa koji se konstantno obnavljaju. U svojim različitim oblicima, dobiva se direktno iz sunca ili iz topline stvarane duboko u Zemlji. To još uključuje električnu struju i toplinu dobivenu iz izvora poput sunčeve svjetlosti, vjetra, oceana, hidroenergije, biomase i geotermalne energije te biogoriva i hidrogena dobivenog iz obnovljivih izvora." Svaki od ovih izvora ima jedinstvene karakteristike koje utječu na to kako i gdje su korišteni.

Snaga vjetra

Protok zraka može se upotrebljavati za pokretanje vjetroturbina. Novije vjetroturbine imaju raspon snage od 600 kW do 5 MW premda su turbine sa izlaznom snagom od 1.5 do 3 MW postale tipične za komercijalne svrhe; izlazna snaga turbine je funkcija kubne brzine vjetra, tako se s povećanjem brzine vjetra dramatično poveća izlazna snaga.

Područja gdje su vjetrovi snažniji i učestaliji, poput priobalja i mjesta velike nadmorske visine, preporučljiva su za izgradnju vjetroparkova. Budući da brzina vjetra nije konstantna, proizvedena energija vjetroparka u godini nije nikad velika kao zbroj nazivnih vrijednosti generatora pomnoženih sa brojem radnih sati. Omjer stvarno proizvedene energije na godinu do teorijskog maksimuma se naziva faktor kapaciteta.

Uobičajeni faktor kapaciteta iznosi od 20% do 40% sa vrijednostima u gornjim granicama na pogodnim mjestima proizvodnje. Na primjer, turbina snage 1 MW sa faktorom kapaciteta od 35% neće proizvoditi 8760 MWh na godinu već samo 0,35x24x365=3066 MWh, što u prosjeku iznosi 0.35 MW.

Uz pomoć podataka dostupnih na Internetu za neke lokacije, faktor kapaciteta se može izračunati na temelju godišnje izlazne snage. Globalno gledajući, smatra se da dugoročni tehnički potencijal energije vjetra je zapravo pet puta veći od konačne svjetske proizvodnje energije, tj. da je 40 puta veći od trenutne potražnje energije.

To bi moglo zahtijevati veliku količinu tla za izgradnju vjetroturbina, posebno u područjima s većim izvorima vjetra. Iskustva s priobalnim izvorima ukazuju na to da je tamo brzina vjetra ~90% veća od one na kopnu, pa bi tako priobalni izvori mogli pridonijeti znatno više energije.

Taj broj bi se također mogao povećati s povećanjem nadmorske visine vjetroturbina smještenih na kopnu ili u zraku. Snaga vjetra je obnovljiva i ne uzrokuje stakleničke plinove (ugljikov dioksid i metan) tijekom rada.

Snaga vode

Snaga vode (u obliku kinetičke energije, temperaturne razlike ili gradijenta slanosti) može se sakupljati i koristiti. S obzirom da je voda 800 puta gušća od zraka, čak i spori vodeni tok ili umjereni val može pridonijeti razmotrivu količinu energije.

Postoji mnogo oblika snage vode:

1. Hidroelektrična energija je izraz rezerviran za brane velikih dimenzija poput Grand Coulee Dam u državi Washington i Akosombo Dam u Ghani.

2. Mikro hidro sustavi su uređaji hidroelektrične energije koji inače proizvode do 100 kW snage. Često se upotrebljavaju u područjima bogatim vodom kao Remote Area Power Supply (RAPS). Diljem svijeta je mnogo takvih hidroelektrana uključujući i one od 50 kW na Solomonskim otocima.

3. Sustavi bez brane koriste kinetičku energiju samih rijeka ili oceana bez korištenja brana.

4. Energija oceana opisuje sve tehnologije za prikupljanje energije oceana i mora.

5. Snaga morskih struja: slično kao plimno-osečka snaga, koristi kinetičku energiju morskih struja.

6. Pretvorba toplinske energije oceana (PTEO) koristi temperaturnu razliku između toplije površine oceana i hladnijih dubina, te se na kraju primjenjuje ciklički generator topline. PTEO još nije testiran na terenu u velikim razmjerima.

7. Snaga morskih mijena obuhvaća energiju plime i oseke. Trenutno postoje dva različita načina proizvodnje energije iz plime i oseke:

7.1. Plimno-osečko kretanje u vertikalnom smjeru - plima uđe, razina vode u bazenu poraste i zatim dođe oseka. Prilikom oseke, razina vode pada i ona protječe kroz turbinu i tako se iskorištava potencijalna energija pohranjena u vodi.

7.2. Plimno-osečko kretanje u horizontalnom smjeru - morska struja. Zbog velike gustoće vode, koja je 800 puta veća od gustoće zraka, morske struje mogu imati puno kinetičke energije. Nekoliko komercijalnih prototipova je izgrađeno, a mnogi se tek razvijaju.

8. Snaga valova koristi energiju pohranjenu u valovima. Valovi inače pomiču velike pontone gore-dolje u vodi, ostavljajući dio sa smanjenom visinom vala u "sjeni". Snaga valova je dosegla komercijalizaciju.

9. Snaga gradijenta slanosti, ili još snaga osmoze, je energija dobivena iz razlike u slanosti između slane, morske vode i slatke, riječne vode. Obrnuta elektrodijaliza i pritiskom odgođena osmoza su u procesu istraživanja i testiranja.

10. Hlađenje u dubokom jezeru, iako zapravo nije prava metoda stvaranja energije, može uštedjeti puno novaca tijekom ljeta. Ono koristi potopljene slavine i cijevi kao hladnjak za kontrolu klime. Dno jezera ima godišnju konstantu od 4°C

Uporaba solarne energije

U ovom kontekstu, pod nazivom "solarna energija" smatra se energija prikupljena od sunčeva svjetla. Solarna energija može biti primijenjena na mnogo načina, uključujući slijedeće:

• Proizvodnja električne energije uporabom fotovoltnih solarnih ćelija

• Proizvodnja vodika uporabom fotoelektrokemijskih ćelija

• Proizvodnja električne energije uporabom koncentrirane solarne energije

• Proizvodnja električne energije zagrijavanjem uhvaćenog zraka koji okreće turbine u solarnom tornju

• Zagrijavanje zgrada, direktno kroz konstrukciju pasivne solarne zgrade

• Zagrijavanje prehrambenih proizvoda uz pomoć solarnih pećnica

• Zagrijavanje vode ili zraka za kućanstva zbog tople vode i topline prostora pomoću solarno toplinskih panela

• Zagrijavanje i hlađenje zraka kroz uporabu solarnih kamina

• Proizvodnja električne energije u geosinkronoj orbiti pomoću solarnih satelita

• Solarne klimatizacijske jedinice

Biogorivo

Biljke upotrebljavaju fotosintezu za rast i proizvodnju biomase. Poznata kao biomaterija, biomasa se može direktno upotrebljavati kao gorivo ili za proizvodnju tekućeg biogoriva.

Biogorivo proizvedeno u poljoprivredi, poput biodiezela, etanola ili bioplina (često kao nusprodukt kultivirane šečerne trske), mogu biti sagorena u motorima s unutarnjim izgaranjem ili bojlerima.

Uobičajeno je da biogorivo sagorjeva kako bi oslobodilo pohranjenu kemijsku energiju u sebi. Aktivno se radi na istraživanju učinkovitijih načina pretvaranja biogoriva i ostalih goriva u električnu energiju koristeći gorive ćelije.

Tekuće biogorivo

Tekuće biogorivo je inače ili bioalkohol, poput etanolnog goriva, ili bioulje, poput biodizela i čistog biljnog ulja. Biodizel se može upotrijebiti u modernim dizel vozilima s malo ili bez preinaka na motoru te može biti proizvedeno od ostataka ili čistih biljnih ili životinjskih ulja i masti (lipidi).

Cisto biljno ulje može se upotrebljavati u modificiranom dizel motoru. Ustvari, dizel motor je u orginalu zamišljen s pogonom na biljno ulje, a ne s pogonom na fosilna goriva. Glavna prednost biodizela je malo zracenje (emisija). Uporabom biodizela emisija ugljikovog monoksida i ostalih ugljikovodika smanjena je za 20% do 40%.

U nekim područjima kukuruz, stabljika kukuruza, šećerna repa ili proso posebno su uzgajani za proizvodnju etanola (poznatog kao "zrnati alkohol" ili "alkohol od zrna"), tekućine koja se može upotrijebiti u motorima s unutarnjim izgaranjem i gorivim ćelijama.
Etanol se postepeno upotrebljava u postojećoj energetskoj infrastrukturi. E85 je gorivo sastavljeno od 85% etanola i 15% benzina koje se prodaje potrošačima.
Biobutanol se razvija kao alternativa bioetanolu. Povećava se međunarodno krizitiranje biogoriva proizvedenih iz usjeva hrane zbog poštovanja prema temama kao što su: osiguravanje hrane, utjecaj na okoliš (krčenje šuma) i energetska ravnoteža.

Kruta biomasa

Kruta biomasa je najčešće uobičajeno upotrebljavana direktno kao sagorljivo gorivo, proizvodeći 10-20 MJ/kg topline. Njeni oblici i izvori sadrže gorivo dobiveno iz drva, biogeni udio iz komunalnog krutog otpada ili neiskorišteni udio ratarskih kultura.

Ratarske kulture mogu i ne moraju se uzgajati namjerno kao energetski usjev, a ostatak biljke se upotrebljava kao gorivo. Većina vrsta biomase sadrže energiju. Čak i kravlje gnojivo sadrži dvije trećine izvorne energije koju je krava upotrijebila.
Sakupljanje energije pomoću bioreaktora je isplativije rješenje za raspolaganje otpadom s kojim su suočeni mljekari i moguće je proizvesti dovoljno bioplina za pokretanje takve farme. S trenutnom tehnologijom, ono nije idealno prikladno za uporabu kao transportno gorivo.

Većina transportnih vozila zahtijeva izvore energije sa visokom gustoćom snage poput onih koji se koriste u motorima s unutarnjim izgaranjem. Ti motori inače zahtijevaju čisto sagorljivo gorivo koje je obično u tekućem obliku i manjih dimenzija, kompresirane plinovite faze. Tekućine su više prenosive zato što imaju visoku energetsku gustoću te mogu biti pumpane što omogućava lakše rukovanje. To je razlog zašto je većina transportnih goriva tekuća.

Netransportna primjena inače može tolerirati gustoću niske snage motora s vanjskim izgaranjem koji se mogu pogoniti direktno sa manje skupim krutim biomasenim gorivima za kombinirano grijanje i pogonjenje. Jedna vrsta biomase je drvo, koje je upotrebljavano tisućljećima u različitim količinama, a u novije doba njegov pronalazak je povećao uporabu. Dvije milijarde ljudi trenutno kuha svaki dan i zagrijava svoje domove za vrijeme zime upotrebljavajući sagorljivu biomasu koja je glavni pridonositelj klimatskim promjenama globalnog zatopljenja uzrokovanog ljudskom rukom. Crna čađa koja se prenosi iz Azije na polarne krajeve uzrokuje njihovo brže topljenje ljeti. U devetnaestom stoljeću, parni motori pogonjeni izgaranjem drva bili su česti, doprinoseći tako zagađenosti zraka u industrijskoj revoluciji. Ugljen je oblik biomase koji se kompresirao tisućljećima za proizvodnju neobnovljivog, visoko zagađujućeg fosilnog goriva.

Drvo i njegovi nusprodukti sada mogu biti pretvoreni kroz procese poput uplinjavanja u biogoriva kao što su plin dobiven iz drva, bioplin, metanolno ili etanolno gorivo; iako daljnje razvijanje može zahtijevati da se te metode učine dostupnima i praktičnima. Ostatak šećerne trstike, otpaci pšenice, kukuruzni klip i druga biljna materija može biti i jest uspješno gorljiva. Čiste emisije ugljikovog dioksida koje su dodane u atmosferu tim procesom dolaze jedino iz fosilnih goriva koja su upotrebljavana za sadnju, gnojenje, sakupljanje i prijevoz biomase.

Proces sakupljanja biomase iz sezonskih jablana i vrba te trajne trave poput divljeg prosa, vodene svijetlice i azijske trstike zahtijevaju manje učestalu kultivizaciju i manje dušika nego tipični godišnji usjevi. Pravljenje kuglica od azijske trstike i njeno spaljivanje se proučava i moglo bi postati ekonomski održivo.

Geotermalna energija

Geotermalna energija je energija dobivena odvajanjem topline od same zemlje, obično kilometrima duboko u Zemljinoj kori. Skupo je sagraditi elektranu, ali troškovi rada su jeftini što rezultira niskom cijenom energije za pogodne lokacije. Konačno, ova energija se dobiva iz topline Zemljine jezgre. Vlada Islanda kaže:" Treba naglasiti da geotermalni izvori nisu nužno obnovljivi u istom smislu kao i vodeni izvori." Procjenjuje se da bi Islandova geotermalna energija mogla pružiti 1700 MW za 100 godina, u usporedbi sa trenutnom proizvodnjom od 140 MW.

Internacionalna Agencija za Energiju smatra geotermalnu energiju obnovljivom.

Tri tipa elektrane se upotrebljavaju za proizvodnju energije iz geotermalnih izvora: suha para, "flash" i binarna (mješana). Elektrane suhe pare uzimaju paru iz dijelova u zemlji i upotrebljavaju je za direktni pogon turbine koja okreće generator. "Flash" elektrane uzimaju vruću vodu, obično temperature od 200 °C, iz zemlje, i omogućavajući vrenje i izviranje na površinu te razdvajajući parni dio u parno vodene faze separatorima kroz izmjenjivače topline, kuhajući organski fluid koji okreće turbinu. Kondenzirana para i ostatak geotermalne tekućine u sva tri tipa elektrane su ubačene nazad u tople stijene kako bi prikupile više topline.

Geotermalna energija Zemljine kore je u nekim područjima bliža površini nego u drugim. Na mjestima vruće unutrašnjosti gdje para ili voda mogu biti odvojeni i dovedene na površinu to se može iskoristiti za proizvodnju električne energije. Takvi izvori geotermalne energije postoje u određenim geološki nestabilnim dijelovima svijeta poput: Čilea, Islanda, Novog Zelanda, Sjedinjenih Američkih Država, Filipina i Italije. Dva takva najznačajnija područja u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama su u zaljevu Yellowstonea i u sjevernoj Kaliforniji. Island je proizveo 170 MW geotermalne energije i zagrijao 80% svojih kućanstava u 2000. godini pomoću geotermalne energije. Dio od 8000 MW kapaciteta proizvodi u cijelosti.

Također postoji potencijal da se geotermalna energija dobije iz vrućih i suhih stijena. Probušene su rupe minimalno 3 km u Zemlju. Neke od ovih rupa pumpaju vodu u zemlju, dok druge pumpaju vruću vodu van. Izvori topline sastoje se od vrućih podzemnih radiogenih granitnih stijena koje se zagrijavaju kada postoji dovoljno sedimenta između stijena i zemljine površine. Nekoliko tvrtki u Australiji istražuje tu tehnologiju.



HRVATSKI CENTAR OBNOVLJIVIH IZVORA ENERGIJE ( HCOIE )

Saturday, January 22, 2011

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY - SOLAR SERDAR

CROATIAN RENEWABLE ENERGY CENTER SOLAR SERDAR (CRECSS)



MAIN GOALS FOR 2011

Much like in the previous years, in 2010 we continued to work on the strengthening of our image and visibility and to cooperate with both individuals and organizations from all tree sectors - civil, business and public.

The project which undoubtedly marked our last years activity was CRECSS - Croatian Renewable Energy Center SOLAR SERDAR.

A long-term goal of the CRECSS project was to achieve sustainable development and environmental protection by increasing the use of RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES.

As part of their contribution to the realization of that goal , the CRECSS partners provided financial support ,whit their help we manage to organize forums and training for interested renewable energy community.

In addition to that , we organized public presentations and performances at various fairs which were aimed at raising the citizens level of awareness and interest for this field, and we also organized other activities related to the education and the raising of awareness concerning renewable energy sources.

One of CRECSS main goals is to create a network and entice cooperation between all parties interested in issues concerning sustainable development, especially in the field of energetics.Therefore, CRECSS is always ready to cooperate with all similar and complementary organizations.

We continued our years-long work on blogs and many portals about Renewable Energy.In accordance with the new trends on the internet and with the fast development of social networks, a CRECSS fan page was created on Facebook and the number of its fans keeps increasing.

In 2011 we will continue to work on education and raising of awareness concerning Renewable Energy Sources.All materials are permanently available online, on

http://solarserdar.blogspot.com/

http://solarserdar.wordpress.com/

For additional information, you can check out CRECSS web page :

www.solar-serdar.com ,

blogs, Facebook fan page,or contact us via e-mail:

solarserdar@gmail.com
solarserdar@yahoo.com

phone or in person.

CROATIAN RENEWABLE ENERGY CENTER SOLAR SERDAR (CRECSS)

Željko Serdar
Head of business association

Wednesday, January 19, 2011

HRVATSKI CENTAR OBNOVLJIVIH IZVORA ENERGIJE


HCOIE

*Hrvatski Centar Obnovljivih Izvora Energije potiče korištenje alternativnih sustava za opskrbu energijom u zgradarstvu, te gradnji obiteljskih kuća, razvija tržište novih niskoenergetskih objekata i modernizira sektor već postojećih zgrada , te doprinosi ukupnom smanjenju potrošne energije i zaštiti okoliša

*Cilj udruženja je osim informiranja javnosti i obrazovanja stručnjaka, potaknuti sve sudionike u gradnji na međusobnu suradnju kako bi se povečao broj objekata koji ostvaruju prednosti energetski učinkovite gradnje i povečavanje broja investicija u obnovljive izvore energije

*Zbog rasta cijena energije i energenata potrebno je poznavati svoje energetske mogučnosti korištenja energije, troškova iste , te biti u stanju njome upravljati

*Stvorena je infrastruktura za realizaciju projekata korištenjem obnovljivih izvora energije u zgradama i privatnim objektima , kako u novogradnji ,tako i u rekonstrukciji postoječih

*Korištenjem obnovljivih izvora energije utječe se na smanjenje potrošnje svih oblika energije, ugodniji i kvalitetniji boravak u objektima za život i poslovanje, te doprinosi zaštiti okoliša i smanjenju emisije štetnih plinova, dugoročno je isplativo ulaganje za dobrobit svih nas

*U sklopu projekta Hrvatskog centra obnovljivih izvora energije, koji ima i službenu podršku U.S. GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL-a, EE COALITION-a, GREEN EUROPEAN FOUNDATION-a, ANNA LINDH FOUNDATION-a, NACIONALNE ZAKLADE ZA RAZVOJ CIVILNOG DRUŠTVA , organizirati će se seminari i radionice koji će sudionicima ponuditi proširenje stečenog znanja iz područja zelene gradnje i implementiranje proizvoda koji smanjuju energetsku ovisnost o skupim energentimai njihovim velikim sustavima

*Tijekom seminara biti će organizirana predavanja koja će izlagati vodeća imena iz industrije obnovljivih izvora energije, brojni znanstvenici i vodeći ljudi institucija iz Hrvatske i inozemstva kojima je svima "ZELENA ENERGIJA" zajednički predznak

*Implementacija novih informacija biti će prikazana u praksi ,koja će se realizirati kroz praktične instrukcije, te E-LEARNING module, za što postoji veliki interes kod građevinskih tvrtki kao i kod krajnjih potrošača/korisnika

*U konačnici, osim znanstveno- tehničkih prednosi , udruženje pridonosi značajnom napretku u primjeni obnovnjivih izvora energije , promjeni uvriježenog načina razmišljanja koje koči širu primjenu alternativnih izvora energije pri izgradnji i rekonstrukciji objekata

HRVATSKI CENTAR OBNOVLJIVIH IZVORA ENERGIJE ( HCOIE )


Željko Serdar
Voditelj udruženja
solarserdar@gmail.com
Centrala: Tehnička služba:
Tel./Fax. +385 1 387 39 79
Mob. +385 91 547 50 49


ZAGREB - ZADAR - DUBROVNIK - ČAKOVEC

CROATIAN CENTER of RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES ( CCRES )



MAIN GOALS FOR 2012

Much like in the previous years, in 2011 we continued to work on the strengthening of our image and visibility and to cooperate with both individuals and organizations from all tree sectors - civil, business and public.

The project which undoubtedly marked our last years activity was CCRES - CROATIAN CENTER of RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES.A long-term goal of the CCRES project was to achieve sustainable development and environmental protection by increasing the use of RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES.

As part of their contribution to the realization of that goal , the CCRES partners provided financial support ,whit their help we manage to organize forums and training for interested renewable energy community.

In addition to that , we organized public presentations and performances at various fairs which were aimed at raising the citizens level of awareness and interest for this field, and we also organized other activities related to the education and the raising of awareness concerning renewable energy sources.

One of CCRES main goals is to create a network and entice cooperation between all parties interested in issues concerning sustainable development, especially in the field of energetics.Therefore, CCRES is always ready to cooperate with all similar and complementary organizations.

We continued our years-long work on blogs and many portals about Renewable Energy.In accordance with the new trends on the internet and with the fast development of social networks, a CCRES fan page was created on Facebook and the number of its fans keeps increasing.

In 2012 we will continue to work on education and raising of awareness concerning Renewable Energy Sources.All materials are permanently available online, on

http://solarserdar.blogspot.com/

http://solarserdar.wordpress.com/

For additional information, you can check out CCRES web page ,

blogs, Facebook fan page,or contact us via e-mail:

solarserdar@gmail.com
solarserdar@yahoo.com

phone or in person.


Željko Serdar
Head of association

CROATIAN CENTER of RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES (CCRES)

Thursday, November 4, 2010

GREEN EUROPEAN FOUNDATION promote by SOLAR SERDAR


Croatian Renewable Energy Center SOLAR SERDARpromote
Imagine The New City
The Green European Foundation will be present at the 9th annual conference of the European Greens supporters' network, in order to support and encourge cooperation between grassroots Greens from all over Europe.
The core topic addressed by the three days conference will be the ideal city - a friendly living environment, built on community participation. The conference will discuss scenarios for future urban development, as well as more harmonious ways of linking country-side and city lives.More info at http://solarserdar.blogspot.com/

Green Foundations
National Green political foundations are one of the Green European foundation's three stakeholder groups. They offer core expertise and valuable support in many of GEF's activities. National Green foundations are active and highly successful in engaging citizens in poltical dialogue in their respective national and/or regional contexts. As a European level foundation, GEF aims to be a platform for exchange and co-operation. Highlighting some of our partner foundations' news and events is a first step in enhancing this network and enabling the needed exchange.

Croatian Renewable Energy Center
SOLAR SERDAR
solarserda@gmail.com


The Green European Foundation co-organises on the last day of the conference a panel debate on the European Citizens' Initiative - the first ever transnational direct democracy instrument. The debate will introduce the foundation's upcoming publication on the topic ("The European Citizens' Initiative Handbook: Your Guide to the First Direct Democratic Tool", written by Bruno Kaufmann ) and, at the same time, it will discuss how this new instrument can be used by grassroots activists to bring their topics of interest on the European agenda.

For more information on the conference, including a detailed agenda of the event, please refer to the website of the European Greens Supporters' Network.

Event details:
Date: 5 - 7 November 2010
Venue: International Institute for Research and Education, Lombokstraat 40, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Language: English

Panel debate on the European Citizens' Initiative
Speakers:

Gerald Haefner, Green Member of the European Parliament
Aurélien Daydé, European Disability Forum
Herman van Bekkem, Greenpeace

Croatian Renewable Energy Center
SOLAR SERDAR
solarserdar@gmail.com

SOLAR SERDAR recommends SOLAZYME


SOLAR SERDAR recommends Solazyme.Solazyme, Inc. is the leading renewable oil and bioproducts company. The company uses algal biotechnology to renewably produce clean fuels, chemicals, foods and health science products. Solazyme's advanced and proprietary technology uses algae to produce oils and biomaterials in standard fermentation facilities quickly, cleanly, cost effectively, and at large scale.

These natural oils and biomaterials are tailored, not only for fuel production, but also as replacements for fossil-derived petroleum and a variety of natural plant oils and compounds. This makes them useful in a wide range of products, from oleochemicals, to cosmetics, to foods.More info at solarserdar@gmail.com.

Founded in 2003 and headquartered in South San Francisco, Solazyme’s unique technology allows algae to produce oil and biomaterials in standard fermentation facilities quickly, efficiently and at large scale.

These natural oils and biomaterials are tailored not only for fuel production, but also as replacements for fossil-derived petroleum and a variety of natural plant oils and compounds, making them useful in a wide range of products: from oleochemicals, to cosmetics, to foods. Solazyme’s oils and fuels provide compelling solutions to increasingly complex issues of fuel scarcity, energy security and environmental impact while fitting cleanly into the pre-existing multi-trillion dollar fuel infrastructure.More info at http://solarserdar.blogspot.com/

Solazyme’s investors among others include Braemar Energy Ventures, Harris & Harris Group, Lightspeed Venture Partners, The Roda Group, and VantagePoint Venture Partners, and investors from strategic industry partners in key target markets.

Our unique, indirect photosynthesis bioproduction process uses microalgae to convert biomass directly into oil and other biomaterials, a process that can be performed in standard commercial fermentation facilities cleanly, quickly, and at low cost and large scale. Our renewable oil and bioproducts technology has manufactured thousands of gallons of oil and hundreds of tons of biomaterials that are tailored not only for biofuel production, but also as replacements for fossil petroleum and plant oils and compounds in a diverse range of products from oleochemicals to cosmetics and foods.More info at solarserdar@gmail.com.Billions of years of evolution have equipped algae with the capacity to produce oil by feeding on a wide variety of biomass. Solazyme’s technology is feedstock agnostic, which allows commercial scale production plants to be placed worldwide, adjacent to many non-food biomass sources and waste streams.

The long-term prospects for renewable oil production are excellent; businesses, environmental groups, policymakers and the public at large understand that there are larger and greater environmental and energy security needs driving the imperative for alternative sources of clean, domestically produced, high-quality oils.

Solazyme has produced a variety of renewable algal oil and materials based products including:

biodiesel that meets ASTM D6751, EN 14214, and U.S. Military specifications
renewable diesel that meets ASTM D975
renewable jet fuel that meets all 11 key tested criteria for ASTM D1655 (Jet-A1)
highly nutritious edible oils, flours, and powders
various oleochemicals
various consumer products including cosmetic and nutraceutical bioactives

Corporate and Partnering Inquiries
partnering@solazyme.com

Media Relations
Genet Garamendi
VP, Corporate Communications
650 963 5228 / main
press@solazyme.com

Solazyme, Inc.225 Gateway Blvd.
South San Francisco, California 94080
650 780 4777 / main
650 989 6700 / fax

Croatian Renewable Energy Center
SOLAR SERDAR
solarserdar@gmail.com

SOLAR SERDAR recommends GREEN PHILIPS LIGHTING



Croatian Renewable Energy Center
SOLAR SERDAR
recommends
GREEN PRODUCT from PHILIPS LIGHTING

Human life revolves around light. Light affects our mood, improves our well-being, and enables us to experience and achieve more. It is a vital part of making our lives fuller, more productive and safer. Philips Lighting focuses on innovative ways of using light to simply enhance people’s lives where they live and work – in the home, at school, at work, in shops and public places, as well as on the road.

Recognizing how resource conservation and climate protection will play an increasingly significant part in human health and well-being, we pay special attention to maximizing the effect of lighting while minimizing the energy required to produce it.
At Philips Lighting, we observe and listen to people—our customers, consumers and stakeholders—to ensure that we address their real needs and aspirations in life. Together with architects, lighting designers, city planners, public authorities, and with consumers in their homes, we seek to create meaningful innovative products and solutions which simply enhance people’s lives with light.More info at solarserdar@gmail.com.

LED lighting is arguably the most profound change the industry has witnessed since the invention of electric light itself. LEDs are transforming the nature of lighting by opening up new possibilities for how and where artificial light is used to enhance the human experience. Millions of color variations and dynamic effects allow designers to paint with light, matched with the moods of people, or to the ambience of a space.More info at :
http://solarserdar.blogspot.com/

We serve our customers through a market segment approach which encompasses Homes, Office and Outdoor, Industry, Retail, Hospitality, Entertainment, Healthcare and Automotive. For these segments we provide a wide range of offerings from across the entire lighting value chain—from light sources, luminaires, lighting controls to lighting solutions and services.

By doing this, we ensure that we are truly focused on the people we serve. We want to offer a better, simpler experience for all the people we work with – architects, lighting designers, installers, mayors, CEOs and consumers.

GREEN PRODUCTS from PHILIPS LIGHTING selected by SOLAR SERDAR:

http://www.ecat.lighting.philips.com/l/aa?omnPG=theme&pageType=familyListing&omnPC=green_products&topicType=green&isLeftNav=false&browseBy=topic#productStartIndex=1&familyStartIndex=1&isSearch=false

CONNECT PHILIPS LIGHTING:
http://www.lighting.philips.com/main/connect/index.wpd

Croatian Renewable Energy Center
SOLAR SERDAR
solarserdar@gmail.com

Wednesday, November 3, 2010

SOLAR SERDAR - RENEWABLE ENERGY POTENTIAL



SOLAR SERDAR projects

Alaska Renewable Energy
Alaska has significant potential to develop all forms of renewable energy.
With high energy prices afflicting many rural areas, Alaska also has the incentive to become a leader in the development of renewable energy resources and expertise. According to the Electric Power Research Institute, the state has over 50 percent of the nation’s wave energy resources and over 90 percent of the counry’s river current and tidal energy resources.

Additionally, Alaska has some of the best wind resources in the United States, a large number of volcanoes and hot springs, numerous opportunities for the production of fuel and heat energy from biomass, and receives more sunlight during the summer than the equator.More info at solarserdar.blogspot.com.

Because many types of renewable energy resources are developed and utilized locally, Alaska’s lack of energy infrastructure makes renewable energy an ideal means by which communities can generate cheap, stable, environmentally responsible energy.More info at solarserdar@gmail.com.

There are six major forms of renewable energy resources, all of which are abundant in Alaska:

• Biomass – fuel derived from living or recently deceased plants and animals

• Geothermal – the use of hot water or steam from the earth to generate electricity or heat

• Hydroelectric – power derived mechanically from the force of moving water

• Ocean energy – the use of the mechanical movement of waves or tides to produce electricity

• Solar energy – radiant light and heat harnessed for use by humans

• Wind energy – conversion of wind energy into a useful form by wind turbines

Lack of energy infrastructure is he tsingle greatest challenge facing Alaska in the development of our renewable resources. Though abundant, many of the best resources are in remote locations that are difficult to access and develop. As a result, many of the renewable energy projects in Alaska are cutting edge, using technologies that have been proven at a large scale and applying them to small scale, economical uses.More info at solarserdar@gmail.com.

Thirty-one states, including Alaska, have renewable energy funds (sometimes called clean energy funds), most of which are supported by small, mill-rated surcharges on energy sold to consumers. These surcharges are sometimes referred to as system benefit charges. Renewable energy funds provide support for the development of renewable energy by helping to remove market barriers, lowering financing costs, developing infrastructure, and educating the public. For example, the system benefit charges in Oregon are deposited into an independent trust that funds eligible wind, solar electric, biomass, small-scale hydro, tidal, geothermal, and fuel cell projects. These projects are supported by grants, loans, rebates, equity investments, and other financing mechanisms used by the fund.More info at solarserdar.wordpress.com.

Terms of the various funds vary from state to state. Some states have scheduled funds to last only five years. Other states have open-ended funds. Longer-term funds provide greater stability for renewable energy developers. It is estimated that over the next 10 years the combined renewable energy funds of the 31 states will invest about $3.5 billion in renewable energy generation.

In Alaska, the Renewable Energy Grant Program was created in 2008 and is administered by the Alaska Energy Authority. In the first two yearsof this fund, the Legislature has already appropriated $125 million for grants for qualifying projects.

In the states that have both an RPS and a renewable energy fund, the two policies work together to stimulate the renewable energy market. RPS standards “pull” renewable energy technologies into a state by creating a long-term market that reduces investment risk and provides a level playing field for developers. On the other hand, renewable energy funds “push” clean energy technologies by lowering market barriers through direct investment incentives and supporting the infrastructure needed to develop renewable energy. For example, in California, the fund is used to buy down the above-market costs of renewable energy. The development that takes place as a result of renewable energy funds helps states meet their RPS requirements.

Croatian Renewable Energy Center
SOLAR SERDAR
solarserdar@gmail.com

SOLAR SERDAR recommends J-POWER



Providing power to Japan and the world backed by half a century of experience

J-POWER can look back on a proud history spanning over half a century as an electric power wholesaler with a proven track record of reliable, low-cost power supply. The nationwide network of power transmission trunk lines we have built and operate has made a significant contribution to Japan’s economic development and the improvement of living standards in Japan. In October 2004, we were listed on the First Section of Tokyo Stock Exchange and this completed our transformation to a private sector company in all aspects.

Our performance records as of July 2009 show that we have built and operate 67 power plants with a total output capacity of 16,985 megawatts and a transmission network of about 2,400 kilometers of power lines.

As part of our international commitment, since 1960 we have carried out 300 consulting service projects with 63 countries and regions mainly from the developing world. This has included surveying, design and construction supervision of hydroelectric and thermal power development as well as electric power consulting relating to environment protection measures. Recently, we have become engaged in a wide range of global operations such as IPP (Independent Power Producer) projects.

In recent years, we have experienced an adverse operating environment and dramatic changes in our operating environment, due mainly to slower growth in electric power demand, further deregulation in our industry and global warming. At the same time, this change has created new business opportunities. We will strive to enhance our corporate value by reinforcing our competitiveness in electricity wholesaling and building solid revenues and earnings foundations. We will also establish new operations based on the principle of effective coexistence between energy and the environment.
More info at solarserdar@gmail.com.
This page briefly outlines to potential suppliers the product procurement procedures of Electric Power Development Co.,Ltd. (J-POWER/EPDC). J-POWER/EPDC welcomes new prospective suppliers from overseas, as well as in Japan, who will supply products of high quality and a fair price.
J-POWER/EPDC hopes this home page will help establish good relationships between our suppliers and ourselves.

Contact Point
For more information regarding product procurement activities and procurement procedures of J-POWER/EPDC, please feel free to contact the following:

Equipment & Construction Contracting Office
Accounting & Finance Dept
Electric Power Development Co., Ltd.
Address : 15-1, Ginza 6-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8165, Japan
Telephone : +81-3-3546-2211 (Switchboard)
Facsimile : +81-3-3544-1819

Procurement After J-POWER Group Restructuring
Under the scheme of J-POWER Group company restructuring, hydro-power & transmission system company, thermal power company, and service company, have been formed and started their operation from April 1, 2004.
Because of this restructuring, the part of the tasks for contracting and procuring equipment & materials, which are necessary for the operation and maintenance of power facilities, became administered by the following J-POWER Group companies.
If there is any request for contacting those companies for business transaction, product introduction, or procurement procedural inquiry, please contact the above contact address, thereby the appropriate person of the following companies will be introduced.

JPHYTEC Co., Ltd. (hydro-power & transmission system company)
JPec Co., Ltd.(thermal power company)
JP Business Service Corporation(service company)
KEC Corporation
Procurement Information on Construction Services
There is no principal construction program.

Public Offering
There is no public offering information

E-Mail to Equipment and International Contracts Group
If you have any inquiries on our procurement procedure or wish to introduce your products to us, please send them by inquiry form.
More info at solarserdar@gmail.com.
J-POWER has an engineering consulting wing, active worldwide since early 1960s. Through its successes in more than 300 projects in 63 countries and regions,J-POWER has gained a worldwide reputation as one of the leading consulting firms in the field of electric power development and related fields.

J-POWER is increasingly joining in investment in IPP corporations, particularly in Asia. The company will expand the discovery of these opportunities in the future, and expand its presence in project management through an increased level of investment. Combined with a more active involvement in maintenance and other areas, these activities are intended to increase J-POWER's profitability.
Croatian Renewable Energy Center
SOLAR SERDAR
solarserdar@gmail.com

Tuesday, November 2, 2010

GreenBuilding International 2010 powered by SOLAR SERDAR



Greenbuild 2010 Returns to Chicago
McCormick Place West
Nov. 17-19, 2010

2301 S. Lake Shore Drive
Chicago, IL 60616
(312) 791-7000

Greenbuild 2010 will be in Chicago’s McCormick Place West, the site of Greenbuild 2007 – but with twice as much space! With the tremendous growth of the Greenbuild community, this year we’ll occupy the entire McCormick Place West. As one of the first cities to adopt LEED for public buildings and the city that is home to more LEED-certified buildings than any other, Chicago is truly committed to leadership as a “next-generation” city – the perfect place for us to celebrate being part of Generation Green. Together, we will define what the future looks like in cities and towns around the world.
More info at solarserdar.blogspot.com.

Greenbuild 2010 Speakers

The Greenbuild International Conference and Expo offers attendees the opportunity to learn and hear from leading industry experts covering range of topics that affect the future of green building.

Leadership»
General Colin L. Powell to keynote the Greenbuild Opening Plenary

Greenbuild Next»
The Honorable Shaun Donovan and Paul Hawken to keynote the Greenbuild Closing Plenary

Master Series»
Thought-provoking presentations from industry leaders

Executive Roundtable» and Salons»
Dynamic conversations tackling issues in green building and celebrating successes

Residential Summit»
Leaders in the residential building industry discuss how to drive demand for green homes and more

Affordable Housing Summit»
Speakers focusing on innovative policy efforts and proven design and construction techniques aimed at ensuring long-term affordability

International Forum»
Green Building Leaders from across the globe gather to discuss Eco-Districts, Global Policy, Greening in China, Climate Change Adaptation, and Active and Sustainable Design

Green Jobs Summit»
Industry stakeholders from the green jobs and green building industries convene for a productive conversation about green jobs in the green building industry.

Greenbuild International Expo

With the world’s largest expo hall devoted to green building, Greenbuild 2010 is the place to go to learn how green can grow your business. This year’s expo hall in Chicago will showcase the latest in innovative products and services.
Croatian Renewable Energy Center
SOLAR SERDAR
solarserdar@gmail.com

Tuesday, October 26, 2010

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY EUROPE CAMPAIGN - SOLAR SERDAR




The Sustainable Energy Europe Campaign showcases activities dedicated to energy efficiency and renewable energy solutions. We think it's time to form a bigger picture out of our isolated efforts to inspire change. Concretely the focus is on spreading best practice in sustainable energy technology, build alliances and inspire new energy ideas and actions.

Any activity – be it a project or event – which you carry out to encourage the use of renewables or energy efficiency is welcome. There are no limits except that your action must support the overall goal: to spread inspiring stories and be coordinated from Europe. More than 250 new projects join each year and the Campaign promotes around 450 events.
More info at Croatian Center of Renewable Energy Sources,
solarserdar@gmail.com.

European Chambers of Commerce and Industry launch Intelligent Energy Contact Points to help SMEs optimise their energy use
SMEs are not best placed to become energy-efficient. According to a survey on SMEs and energy by Eurochambres, the Association of European Chambers of Commerce and Industry, « the smaller it is, the less time, personnel and funds are allocated to energy topics ». The survey clearly suggests that better information and advice, as well as funding schemes and financial incentives, would deliver considerable improvements in energy efficiency among Europe's 20 million SMEs. Thanks to their close daily contacts with the business community, Chambers of Commerce and Industry (CCIs) can support SMEs to take better account of rational energy use.

This is why Eurochambres has launched, with the financial support of the European Commission's Intelligent Energy Europe Programme, a project called CHANGE, whereby CCIs will act as first ports of call for SMEs on energy efficiency matters. Within the 60 participating CCIs, specially trained advisers will facilitate SMEs' access to information. They will organise workshops and information events, and encourage SMEs to carry out energy efficiency audits. Eurochambres aims to reach some 12,000 SMEs with information on intelligent energy issues.
More info at Croatian Center of Renewable Energy Sources, solarserdar@gmail.com.

If energy efficiency and renewable energy matter to you, then you are a potential Energy Day organiser, whether you are:

A local or regional authority
A company, business organisation or chamber of commerce, university
A consumer association, citizen group or NGO, a university or research, think tank
What is an Energy Day?

Energy days can be any event or happening to promote energy efficiency or renewable energy – from exhibitions, conferences, online events, performances to guided tours, open door days, workshops, media campaigns, concerts and much more…

Here are a few ideas:

Guided visits and tours for the general public to companies, public administrations, private homes or other organisations that use renewable energy sources or implement energy efficient technologies
Educational activities and programmes assisting children to discover and learn about energy efficiency techniques and renewable energy
Open door days, during which the general public visits organisations to learn more about energy efficient and renewable energy measures on the premises
Exhibitions and fairs, where public and private organisations demonstrate and explain their energy technologies to the wider public
Opening ceremonies, inaugurations, exhibitions and shows aimed at the wider public and showcasing innovative renewable energy technologies, energy efficient methods or alternative methods of transport.

Croatian Center of Renewable Energy Sources
&
SOLAR SERDAR
solarserdar@gmail.com.

Monday, October 25, 2010

RENEWABLE ENERGY - SOLAR SERDAR




RENEWABLE ENERGY

Renewable energy sources are energy sources that are continually replenished. These include energy from water, wind, the sun, geothermal sources, and biomass sources such as energy crops. In contrast, fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas are non-renewable. Once a deposit of these fuels is depleted it cannot be replenished – a replacement deposit must be found instead. Both renewable and non-renewable energy sources are used to generate electricity, power vehicles, and provide heating, cooling, and light.

Renewable sources of energy vary widely in their cost-effectiveness and in their availability across the United States. Although water, wind, and other renewables may appear free, their cost comes in collecting, harnessing, and transporting the energy so that it can do useful work. For example, to utilize energy from water, a dam must be built along with electric generators and transmission lines.

Renewables themselves are non-polluting, while the structures built to harness them can have positive or negative environmental impacts. For example, dams may affect fish migration but may also create wildlife habitat.
More info at solarserdar@gmail.com.

HYDRO POWER
Hydropower refers to using water to generate electricity. Water is the most common renewable source of energy in the United States today.

Many hydroelectric power plants use a dam on a river to store water. Water released from behind the dam flows through a turbine, spinning it, which then turns a generator to produce electricity. Electricity generated this way is known as hydroelectricity, and it accounts for about 7% of the electricity used by the nation. Hydroelectric power doesn't necessarily require a large dam – some hydroelectric power plants just use a small canal to channel the river water through a turbine. A small or micro-hydroelectric power system can produce enough electricity for a home, farm, or ranch.

The Tazimina project in Alaska is an example of a diversion hydropower plant. No dam was required.Dam sites for hydropower plants are limited both by available rivers and by competing uses for those rivers, such as recreation, tourism, industry, and human settlements. Because of such limitations, water power could never generate all the electricity used in the United States. In addition, environmental impacts are considered when locating dams.

While all hydroelectric dams have some environmental impact, the impacts vary widely, and current regulations and policies attempt to address environmental concerns. A dam may either create a reservoir or may be a run-of-river project that does not store large amounts of water but simply takes advantage of a river's natural flow. A dam that
Fish ladder.creates a reservoir may flood a large area upstream, and can change flow patterns and impact flooding downstream with resulting environmental consequences, either positive or negative. Fish migration, which has long been a concern associated with dams, is often addressed with fish ladders and other structures to ensure the successful movement of fish both upstream and downstream.

In addition to power, dams often provide other benefits such as recreation opportunities on upstream reservoirs, habitat for a wide variety of aquatic and terrestrial species, diversion of water for irrigation, and control of destructive flooding and environmental damage downstream.

Hydropower is one of the least expensive sources of electricity and areas with good sources of hydropower tend to attract industries with large needs for electricity. Major hydroelectric dams in the United States are found in the Northwest, the Tennessee Valley, and on the Colorado River.
More info at solarserdar@gmail.com.

WIND POWER
For hundreds of years, humans have used wind to pump water or grind grain, usually with small windmills. Large, modern wind turbines are used to generate electricity, either for individual use or for contribution to a utility power grid. Wind turbines usually have two or three blades and, because winds above the ground tend to be faster and less turbulent than those near the surface, the turbines are mounted on tall towers to capture the most energy. As the blades turn, the central shaft spins a generator to make electricity.

In recent years, wind has become an increasingly attractive source of renewable energy – wind energy is the world's fastest-growing energy technology. Wind turbines placed at sites with strong, steady winds can economically generate electricity without producing pollutants. The power in wind increases rapidly with its speed, which means that locating windmills in areas of strong winds is critical. The strongest winds in the United States tend to be in Alaska, the western United States, and the Appalachians. Wind power currently supplies about 1% of United States electricity needs, but capacity is expanding rapidly. Although wind will contribute more to the United States electric supply in the future, like hydropower it cannot be expected to supply all of our electric needs.

United States wind resource map.While wind power helps the environment by producing electricity without producing pollution, there can be negative environmental impacts of wind power generation, including wildlife deaths. However, recent studies suggest that the number of birds and bats killed by collision with wind turbines is far lower than the number killed by collisions with other tall structures such as buildings. Appropriate siting of wind farms and individual turbines can reduce the impact on wildlife. Noise, which was a problem with older turbine designs, has mostly been eliminated through improved engineering.
More info at solarserdar@gmail.com.

SOLAR POWER
Solar technologies use the sun's energy to provide heat, light, hot water, electricity, and even cooling, for homes, businesses, and industry. Despite sunlight's significant potential for supplying energy, solar power provides less than 1% of U.S. energy needs. This percentage is expected to increase with the development of new and more efficient solar technologies.

Different types of solar collectors are used to meet different energy needs. Passive solar building designs capture the sun's heat to provide space heating and light. Photovoltaic cells convert sunlight directly to electricity. Concentrating solar power systems focus sunlight with mirrors to create a high-intensity heat source, which then produces steam or mechanical power to run a generator that creates electricity. Flat-plate collectors absorb the sun's heat directly into water or other fluids to provide hot water or space heating. And solar process heating and cooling systems use specialized solar collectors and chemical processes to meet large-scale hot water and heating and cooling needs.

Solar technologies produce few negative environmental impacts during collector operation. However, there are environmental concerns associated with the production of collectors and storage devices. In addition, cost is a great drawback to solar power. Although sunlight is free, solar cells and the equipment needed to convert their direct-current output to alternating current for use in a house is expensive. Electricity generated by solar cells is still more than twice as expensive as electricity from fossil fuels. Part of the problem with cost is that solar cells can
The parabolic troughs that make up this concentrating solar power system generate power from the sun on a large scale in California.only operate during daylight hours. In contrast, a coal or natural gas plant can run around the clock, which means the cost for building the plant can be spread over many more hours of use.

Around the United States, available sunlight varies considerably as a result of differences in cloud cover and latitude, and also varies with the seasons. In the summer, longer daylight hours and a higher sun angle provide more solar power, compared to the winter when the sun is up for fewer hours and at a lower position in the sky. These variations must be taken into consideration when planning solar collection facilities.
More info at solarserdar@gmail.com.

GEOTERMAL POWER
Geothermal power uses the natural sources of heat inside the Earth to produce heat or electricity. Currently, most geothermal power is generated using steam or hot water from underground. Geothermal power generation produces few emissions and the power source is continuously available.

There are three geothermal technologies currently in use in the United States: direct-use systems, use of deep reservoirs to generate electricity, and geothermal heat pumps.

In direct-use geothermal systems, a well is drilled into a geothermal reservoir to provide a steady stream of hot water. The water is brought up through the well, and a mechanical system—piping, a heat exchanger, and controls—delivers the heat directly for its intended use. A disposal system then either injects the cooled water underground or disposes of it in a surface storage pond. Geothermal hot water is used for heating buildings, raising plants in greenhouses, drying crops, heating water for fish farms, or for industrial processes, at hundreds of sites around the country. Geothermal reservoirs appropriate for direct-use systems are widespread throughout the western United States.

Geothermal power plants convert hydrothermal fluids (hot water or steam) to electricity. The oldest type of geothermal power plant uses steam, accessed through deep wells, to directly drive a turbine to produce electricity. Flash steam plants are the most common type of geothermal power plants in operation today. They use extremely hot water (above 300 degrees F (149 degrees C)), which is pumped under high pressure to the generation equipment at the surface. The hot
Estimated subterranean temperatures at a depth of 6 kilometers.water is vaporized and the vapor in turn drives turbines to generate electricity. Binary-cycle geothermal power plants use moderate-temperature water (100-300 degrees F (38-149 degrees C)). The water is used to vaporize a second fluid that has a much lower boiling point than water. The vapor from this second fluid is then used to drive the turbines to produce electricity. California, Hawaii, Nevada, and Utah currently have operating geothermal power plants.

Geothermal heat pumps are used for space heating and cooling as well as water heating, for residential and commercial applications. The technology relies on the fact that beneath the surface, the Earth remains at a relatively constant temperature throughout the year, warmer than the air above it during the winter and cooler in the summer. A geothermal heat pump takes advantage of this by transferring heat, stored in the ground, into a building during the winter, and transferring it out of the building and back into the ground during the summer. The heat pump consists of a series of pipes, buried in the ground near a building to be conditioned or where water is to be heated. Fluid is circulated through the pipes to either absorb heat from the ground or distribute heat to the ground. Geothermal heat pumps can be used in most areas of the United States.

While geothermal energy use is efficient, reliable, and environmentally friendly, it currently meets less than 1% of U.S. power needs.
More info at solarserdar@gmail.com.

BIOMASS POWER
Biomass power is power obtained from the energy in plants and plant-derived materials, such as food crops, grassy and woody plants, residues from agriculture or forestry, and the organic component of municipal and industrial wastes. Biomass power provides two valuable services: it is the second most important source of renewable energy in the United States and it is an important part of our waste management infrastructure. In the future, farms cultivating high-yielding energy crops (such as trees and grasses) will significantly expand our supply of biomass. These energy crops, coupled with high-efficiency conversion technologies, can supplement our consumption of fossil fuels and help us respond to global climate change concerns.

Wood has been used for energy longer than any other biomass source and today is still the largest biomass energy resource. The largest source of energy from wood is pulping liquor or "black liquor," a waste product from processes of the pulp, paper, and paperboard industry. Biomass energy can also be derived from waste and from alcohol fuels. Waste energy is the second-largest source of biomass energy. The main contributors of waste energy are municipal solid waste, manufacturing waste, and landfill gas.

Biomass can be used for direct heating (such as burning wood in a fireplace or wood stove), for generating electricity, or can be converted directly into liquid fuels to meet transportation energy needs.

Truck unloading wood chips that will fuel the Tracy Biomas Plant, Tracy, California.Electricity generated from biomass is also called biopower. Biopower facilities use many different technologies; the most common is burning of wood or other biomass feedstocks to produce steam which then is used to drive turbines and produce electricity. Some generators use a mix of biomass and fossil fuels to generate electricity, while others burn methane, a product of the natural decay of organic materials. In the United States, the pulp and paper industries are major producers of biopower, using residues from paper production to produce electricity for industrial plant use.

Biomass power is close to a carbon-neutral electric power generation option — biomass absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during its growth and then emits an equal amount of carbon dioxide when it is processed to generate electricity. Thus, biomass fuels "recycle" atmospheric carbon, and may reduce global warming impacts. Biopower facilities produce fewer other pollutants than equivalent fossil fuel power facilities.

Biofuels are liquid fuels produced from plants. The two most common types of biofuels are ethanol and biodiesel. Ethanol is an alcohol, the same as in beer and wine. It is made by fermenting any biomass high in carbohydrates through a process similar to beer brewing. The majority of ethanol produced in the United States is made from corn. Current research is exploring ways to efficiently convert cellulose (agricultural waste, forest residue, municipal solid waste, and energy crops) to ethanol. Ethanol is mostly used as a fuel additive for vehicles to increase octane and cut down carbon monoxide and other smog-causing emissions. Biodiesel is made by processing vegetable oil, animal fat, or recycled cooking grease with alcohol or other chemicals. It can be used as an additive (typically 20%) to reduce vehicle emissions or in its pure form as a renewable alternative fuel for diesel engines.
More info at solarserdar@gmail.com.
Zeljko Serdar
Head of Croatian Center of Renewable Energy Sources

Saturday, October 23, 2010

SOLAR SERDAR going ZERO on CARBON





The generally accepted view among scientists is that cuts in greenhouse-gas emissions of more than 60% are needed if we are to stabilise atmospheric concentrations of the gases that cause global warming. Let's start with that assumption and go further later. The average British household puts six tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions each year into the thin atmosphere of our planet, and 10 tonnes if we include our travel. Ten tonnes of heat-trapping gas. Enough to fill two Olympic-size swimming pools. Enough, combined with everyone else's emissions around the world, to slowly cook the planet, tip the climate into frenzied chaos, wipe out economic growth, devastate ecosystems in the oceans and onland, create hundreds of millions of refugees, and place at risk a liveable future for our children. On this, George Monbiot and I agree, no doubt.

If we want to avoid wrecking our planet, we have to cut from 10 tonnes to four or less. Each and every household needs to do this. If energy-intensive households can do it, industrial, commercial, and public buildings can certainly follow. If we Brits can lead the way (eco-Churchill, where art thou?), then surely the rest of the world can follow. (At least, in principle).

Saving the first two of the four tonnes is like falling off a log. What's more, you make a little money by saving them. By enacting basic energy-saving measures, the Energy Saving Trust has shown that our average household can save two tonnes of carbon dioxide and set aside around £250 towards the holiday rail fares. There are lots of options. In un-insulated homes, 30% of the heat lost escapes through the walls. And stated another way, if you don't have cavity wall insulation, you end up paying up to 25% more on your bills.

Pouring insulating foam between the double layers that make up most external walls built since 1930 takes a contractor around 3 hours, and thereafter saves you between £100-120 per year. Solid external walls can also be insulated by applying decorative weatherproofing and internal walls by applying insulation boards or infilled wooden battens.

Another 30% of heat-loss is through the roof. Adding a 27 cm layer of insulation in your loft is the simplest and cheapest of all the efficiency measures, and can save you £140-£170 a year on fuel bills. A further 20% or so can escape from poorly insulated window frames and single-glazed windows. Double glazing can cut heating bills by £60-70 per year.

The same principle applies, on a smaller scale, to all the other ways heat can escape. Doors, windows and floorboards can all be simply draught-proofed with sealant. All these savings are calculated at last year's fuel prices. This year, with soaring gas prices, the savings will be higher. Next year and into the future: place your bets on how much higher still.

With the first two tonnes of carbon dioxide comprehensively banked, and a lot of inflation-proofing built into our household, let us move to tonne number three. Here we might have to shell out a little investment in the future on a longer payback. Most appliances these days are fitted with an EU energy label that shows where the appliance fits on a scale from A (most efficient) to G (most energy guzzling). Many also have an "energy saving recommended" label certified by the Energy Saving Trust (EST). Washing machines that are EST certified use over 30% less energy than typical old ones. Certified dishwashers will use around 40% less. Certified fridges and freezers use over 60% less. Certified lightbulbs use even less still. The bottom line is this. Every light and appliance in the building must be A-graded.

I know how easy it is to do this in a home. A few years ago, I moved into a terraced house in Richmond. The previous occupant had consumed electricity at more than the national average per household of around 3,500 kiloWatt hours (kWh) per year. I changed every light and appliance in the house. As result, almost overnight, I cut my consumption by more than two thirds, to just over 1,000 kWh per year.

I didn't cheat. I lived there full time, I allowed my daughter to use her energy-vampire of a hairdryer every day (okay, grudgingly), my Chardonnay was just as chilled as anyone else's in Richmond, and I drank more than my average share of it. The high-efficiency appliances I bought weren't that noticeably different in price from the inefficient ones I avoided. (Okay, maybe I'm on shaky ground here. So forget the holiday railfare contribution and invest it in Grade A appliances). My electricity-consumed cost me just a third of what I would have paid had I been a "normal" consumer. With every 1,000 kWh offsetting around half a tonne of carbon dioxide, I saved over a tonne - as I say - more or less overnight. Goodness me, we have cut three tonnes out of four already. And we haven't even started talking about energy SUPPLY yet.

A family of technologies, the renewable micro-generators, can generate green electricity and heating right where you need it at home, or at the workplace. You can generate electricity with solar photovoltaic (PV) panels or rooftiles, small wind turbines, or small combined heat-and-power (CHP) units whether driven by biomass or natural gas. (I'm not a zealot. A little gas is okay). You can also generate hot water and heating with solar thermal, biomass boilers, ground-sourced heat pumps, or micro-CHP powered by gas or biomass.

I have personal experience of this family of technologies, especially solar photovoltaics. I run a company making £15million a year selling them. (So I have a vested interest. So the nuclear and fossil lobbies don't?). I lived in the UK's first PV rooftile home, the Richmond terraced house mentioned above. I easily generated the electricity I needed with a small 1.6 kilowatt PV rooftile array, and in fact exported a net 14% to the national grid. I generated more than 1,100 kWh per year. I saved around half that fourth tonne of carbon dioxide, in other words. Had I installed a small amount of any other renewable micro-generator - a single solar thermal water heater, for example - I could have saved well over a tonne.

So there you have it. Four out of six tonnes of carbon dioxide easily saved. If every household in the UK and abroad did the same in percentage terms, atmospheric greenhouse-gas concentrations could be stabilised, if the majority of scientists are right. (All this assumes, of course, that you don't spoil it all by having a Ryanair frequent flier card, or fail to offset your emissions if you have to fly somewhere).

The other thing George Monbiot rejects is the notion that we can go the whole hog, and run the entire energy economy on renewables-and-efficiency at some point in the future. I am sure we can. Those fifth and sixth tonnes can go, and most of the four tonnes used in transport to boot. Note that nowhere in the thoughts above have I mentioned the "big" renewables: wind, biomass, wave, tidal, hydro and so on.
More info at solarserdar@gmail.com

Together with some colleagues on the UK Government's Renewables Advisory Board (in case you wonder, they don't listen to us), I spent a bit of time recently wondering what we could do if we really tried. We concluded that the renewables family (big and micro), if hooked up effectively in strategic harness with efficient-energy technologies, could provide all the UK's energy at some point in the future, and/or - renewable family by renewable family - large slices of that demand. Wind power onshore and offshore could provide around 14% of expected national energy demand, or 47TWh per year, if just 17 GW could be installed by 2020. Marine technologies, on conservative assumptions, might add another 2 GW. Projected UK bioenergy resources for 2050 could reasonably be expected to provide 10-20 TWh pa, depending on electricity price. This could increase to 50 TWh pa with effective use of currently more expensive crops. Alternatively the same biomass resources could contribute significantly to the heat or transport demand sectors.

I have not talked yet about timing, or improved technologies that exist but are not yet in the market. We have some time to go low on carbon, we do not have to do it overnight. I agree with George that 60% cuts by 2050, the UK government target, is way too late. But neither do we have to achieve deep cuts overnight.

Let us not forget that, and imagine instead what we could do if we mobilised as though for war. Let's also not forget the wave of innovation that is underway on low carbon technologies. I see this first hand in my day job. Efficiencies will improve dramatically, and prices will fall steeply, while as the costs of gas and the other fossil fuels go right on rising. George's snipes at solar photovoltaics are rooted in the wrong century, in this respect. (I'll explore that further in my solarcentury blog). Technology is responsible for many of the world's ills, but it can also help enormously in addressing global problems.

We could run the world on renewables and efficiency. All we need is real microcosms like the ones my company provide (vested interest that we are), willingness to think outside the box, and effective political leadership. The solidarity of environmentalists like George would, of course, help.
Jeremy Leggett for
Croatian Center of Renewable Energy Sources &
SOLAR SERDAR

solarserdar@gmail.com

Tuesday, October 19, 2010

SOLAR SERDAR & U.S. GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL

SOLAR SERDAR & USGBC URGES SENATE TO PASS COMPREHENSIVE CLIMATE AND ENERGY POLICY
As the Senate takes up climate and energy legislation this year, the U.S. Green Building Council & SOLAR SERDAR urges Members to pass a comprehensive bill that will move us away from dependence on fossil fuels and toward a clean energy future.

GREEN BUILDINGS FOR CLIMATE PROTECTION
Buildings are part of the solution. While accounting for nearly 40% of our country’s carbon footprint, the building sector also serves as a low-cost, high-return investment strategy to reduce energy consumption and associated emissions, yet their potential remains largely untapped. McKinsey and Company estimates that increased efficiency would save the U.S. economy $130 billion per year, while reducing emissions by 1.1 gigatons a year. Moreover, programs dedicated to spur the retrofit of old, inefficient homes and buildings will create jobs and save consumers money.

For these reasons, USGBC & SOLAR SERDAR strongly urges the inclusion of the following measures in climate and energy legislation; most of which have significant bipartisan support:

EXISTING BUILDING RETROFITS. A residential and commercial green retrofit program, such as the Retrofit for Energy Efficiency Program (REEP) included in the Clean Jobs and American Power Act (S. 1733), or a combination of the Home Star Energy Retrofit Act of 2010 (S. 3434) and the Building Star Energy Efficiency Act of 2010 (S. 3079). These programs are estimated to create over 300,000 jobs over two years.

IMPROVED BUILDING CODES. A program to strengthen and enforce building energy codes, with efficiency targets that build upon those in the American Clean Energy Leadership Act (ACELA) and are increased incrementally over time. The adoption of codes with higher energy efficiency targets has the potential to save building owners in the U.S. over $4 billion per year in 2015, according to DOE.
More info at solarserdar@gmail.com

ENERGY PERFORMANCE DISCLOSURE. The creation of a national, voluntary program for effective benchmarking and disclosure of building energy performance for a diverse set of building types, such as what is already included in ACELA . In order to impact the 125 million existing buildings in America, the labeling program implementation should apply to existing building stock as well as new construction.

WATER EFFICIENCY. Authorization of a national program such as WaterSense to identify and promote water-efficient devices; authorization of federal procurement of such devises; and state incentive programs as described in S. 1733. According to the EPA, if one out of every 100 homes in the U.S. were retrofitted with water-efficient fixtures, we could save 100 million kWh of electricity per year—the GHG reduction equivalent of removing nearly 15,000 automobiles from the road.
Furthermore, legislation should contain aggressive national goals and funding for complimentary measures that 1) unlock efficiency and clean power such as an Energy Efficiency Resource Standard and a Renewable Electricity Standard; 2) reduce oil consumption, by promoting transportation efficiency and transit-orientated development; and 3) facilitate global emission reductions through international clean energy deployment and technology cooperation for developing countries.
More info at solarserdar@gmail.com

SOLAR SERDAR and USGBC urges the Senate to pass a comprehensive climate and energy package in 2010 that contains emission targets based on science, invests in a clean energy future and gives back to American communities. Investments in building efficiency now will create jobs, save money for consumers and businesses, reduce emissions, and unleash technology innovation.

For more information, contact Croatian Center of Renewable Energy Sources and
SOLAR SERDAR at solarserdar@gmail.com and
USGBC Advocacy Staff at publicpolicy@usgbc.org.

Thursday, October 14, 2010

SOLAR SERDAR recommends SANYO Solar

SOLAR SERDAR recommends SANYO Solar

SANYO Solar is one of the most important international solar companies. For more than 30 years we have been setting standards for the development of new, innovative and high performance photovoltaic products. Because SANYO has focused on renewable energies technologies, we are significantly contributing to ensuring that the rising worldwide demand for energy can continue to be met in the future.

In Photovoltaics, the sun’s radiation energy is transformed into electric energy. This is accomplished by means of solar cells. As a rule, solar cells consist of the semiconductor silicon, which is particularly suitable for the manufacture of solar cells because of its high availability, low raw material costs and simple transformation. Semiconductors are substances that become electrically conductive when they are exposed to light or heat. Solar cells are essentially structured into two layers, where one layer is negatively charged and the other holds a positive charge. As soon as sunlight strikes the layers, a voltage tension develops between the two layers. This generates direct current within the solar cell. In order to be able to use this current, photovoltaic systems have a power inverter or AC converter. The inverter converts the direct current generated by the cells into alternating current, which can then be used for household purposes or to be fed into the public electricity grid.
There is much talk about Photovoltaics nowadays. It is one of the most important milestones when it comes to our future energy supply. Photovoltaic systems already hedge against the constantly rising costs of fossil fuels. Furthermore, they boost the value of a building and help to safeguard your retirement.

What are the advantages of solar energy and photovoltaic systems? We can provide several answers to this question:
Photovoltaic systems are government-sponsored
Photovoltaic systems frequently generate greater returns than a savings account or term deposit
Photovoltaic systems pay off even in low-light countries like Germany
Photovoltaic systems cut emissions of the climate killer CO2
Photovoltaic system prices are becoming increasingly competitive
Photovoltaic systems can be funded with favourable government credits
As in acquiring a solar system you are making a long-term and high value investment, the quality of the individual modules is determining. You should therefore choose a brand that will give you a definite reliability guarantee and which you can trust. SANYO has been one of the most innovating companies in solar technology for more than three decades, and has installed more than 1.2 million modules in Europe alone.

Our track record is the only way we can guarantee our customers onething: decades of trouble-free operation and constant high performance of our Modules. SANYO PV Modules are characterised by a particularly high degree of efficiency and robust quality. More info at solarserdar@gmail.com

Our Modules are certified by internationally renowned, independent testing bodies such as the TÜV Rheinland, and meet European standards. We will be happy to give you that assurance in writing together with our comprehensive service warranties.

Our goal is to provide you with a product that meets all your service and quality requirements and thatwill ultimately give you much more. SANYO Solar Modules have received many awards and are highly appreciated by professional installers.
Even if here we get a little more technical, if you would like to know more about modern solar cells and SANYO’s innovative HIT technology, it’s worth taking a closer look.
The HIT technology – Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin Layer – is atrailblazing SANYO development. Our HIT Solar Cells consist of a thinsingle crystal Wafer coated with an ultrathin amorphous (i.e., noncrystal)Silicon layer.The surface loss frequently seen in solar cells is reduced, resulting in a high level of performance.More info at solarserdar@gmail.com
SANYO’s HIT Double® Modules generate solar electricity simultaneously on the front and on the back side. The back side of the Modules takes up environmental light reflected from surrounding surfaces. This additional amount of light is combined with the light taken up by the front side of the Module. As compared to our single-side HIT Modules,energy generation can be increased by up to 20% per square meter with the HIT Double® Modules by virtue of their special design. The HITDouble® by SANYO are also some of the highest performance modules currently available.
Use your roof as a small, ecologically valuable power station. Our examples show you how SANYO Solar Modules can be fitted to a building in many different and flexible ways. After the installation your electricity meter will show you how much you’re earning every day with your new SANYO solar system.More info at solarserdar@gmail.com
In many European countries it is also financially advantageous to build large photovoltaic plants and to sell the electricity thus generated at a profit. However, their design, construction and operation is more complex than is the case for home systems.

Thus e.g. meeting scheduled deadlines and managing the flow of financial resources as well as development and construction require special attention. For such projects we work with different partners specialising in the pertinent tasks on a Europe-wide basis.
SOLAR SERDAR
&
Croatian Center of Renewable Energy Sources
solarserdar@gmail.com

More info about SANYO Solar at :
http://sanyo.com/solar/

More info about Croatian Center of Renewable Energy Sources &
SOLAR SERDAR at:

http://solarserdar.blogspot.com

http://solarserdar.wordpress.com