5G While You Were Sleeping

Here's a photo that I took myself. Zeljko Serdar

Što su pojmovi 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi, 60 GHz i  5 GHz WiFi. WiFi u osnovi, je objekt koji omogućuje računalima, pametnim telefonima i drugim uređajima da se povežu s internetom ili međusobno komuniciraju bežično, unutar određenog područja. To je tehnologija koja se koristi već duže vrijeme i ako sve ostale stvari u tehnologijama, i ona je vremenom napredovala.

Here's a photo that I took myself. Zeljko Serdar

IEEE 802.11 standardi postavljaju određene atribute za različite kanale koji se mogu koristiti u bežičnoj mreži. Ranije verzije kao što je 801.11b podržavaju frekvencijski pojas od 5GHz. Također 802.11b i 802.11g podržavaju samo radiofrekvencijski pojas od 2,4 GHz. Osim njih postoji i 802.11n standard koji također nudi 5 GHz frekvencijsko područje.

Time dolazimo do termina – dvostruki pojas (dual-band). Naravno, s različitim radio frekvnecijskim pojasima i modulima koji ih podržavaju, postavlja se pitanje u vezi njihovih razlika i koji je standard bolji.

Here's a photo that I took myself. Zeljko Serdar


Frekvencijski pojas od 2,4 GHz je prilično zgužvan, jer ga koriste mnogi uređaji, poput starih bežičnih telefona, garažna vrata, monitor za bebe, kao i mnogi drugi uređaji, koji imaju tendenciju da koriste frekvenciju od 2,4 GHz. Dulji valovi koji se koriste u frekvencijskom pojasu od 2,4 GHz bolje su prilagođeni duljim rasponima i prijenosu kroz zidove ili čvrste objekte.

Zato je bolje ako vam je potreban duži domet na vašim uređajima ili imate puno zidova ili drugih objekata na područjima gdje trebate imati dobru WIFI pokrivenost. Međutim, s druge strane, budući da mnogi drugi uređaji upotrebljavaju frekvencijski pojas od 2,4 GHz, nastala zagušenja mogu uzrokovati gubitak veze i brzine sporije od očekivanog.

Here's a photo that I took myself. Zeljko Serdar

Brzina od 5 GHz je znatno manje zagušena, što znači da ćete vjerojatno dobiti stabilnije veze. Vidjet ćete i veće brzine. S druge strane, kraći valovi, koje koriste 5GHz ruteri čine ga manje sposobnim u okruženju zidova i čvrstih objekata. Također ima kraći domet od rutera sa 2,4GHz.

Valja napomenuti da 5GHz ruteri pružaju veču brzinu prijenosa u usporedbi s frekvencijom od 2,4 GHz. I uz to, 5GHz pojas uključuje mnogo veći broj kanala, 23 da budemo specifični, dok 2.4GHz ima samo 3 kanala. Međutim 2.4GHz ruteri obično imaju veći domet i lakše prolaze kroz zidove.  U idealnim uvjetima, 2,4 GHz Wi-Fi podržava do 450 Mbps ili 600 Mbps, ovisno o klasi rutera, dok 5 GHz Wi-Fi podržava do 1300 Mbps.

Here's a photo that I took myself. Zeljko Serdar

Za Wi-Fi-N, dva pojasa istodobno rade simultano za uređaje povezane na mrežu. Wi-Fi 5GHz bend podržava samo Wi-Fi-AC i ima širinu pojasa do 42Mhz, a također sadrži veću širinu kanala od 80MHz i 160MHz koji omogućuju veće brzine.

Druga stvar koju je važno napomenuti je  Wi-Fi raspon (pokrivenost), pogotovo ako ste jedan od onih koji najviše mrze slab Wi-Fi signal. Evo što biste trebali znati. Kad god govorimo o rasponu u smislu Wi-Fi-ja, zapravo mislimo na udaljenost koju pokrivaju valovi koji se prenose od antene do prijemnog uređaja.

Here's a photo that I took myself. Zeljko Serdar

Kao što smo spomenuli 5GHz ruteri nude veću brzinu od 2,4 GHz, ali uz nedostatak manjeg dometa, i činjenicu da radio valovi s većom frekvencijom teže prolaze kroz guste prepreke poput zidova i ostalih sličnih objekata. Ako uzmemo primjer dometa Wifi rutera u zatvorenom prostoru, doseg Wi-Fi-G rutera bi prosječno iznosio oko 70m, dok za Wi-Fi-AC router to bi bilo oko 35m.

Tu je i Wi-Fi-AD 60GHz (IEEE 802.11ad) ili WiGig, ovaj se pojas također koristi u Wi-Fi mrežama. Može omogućiti brzinu prijenosa podataka do 8Gbps, a raspon u zatvorenom prostoru je u prosjeku oko 60m.

Here's a photo that I took myself. Zeljko Serdar


Važno je napomenuti da veće radio frekvencije poput 5GHz i 60GHz donose više prednosti. Jedna od važnih prednosti je smanjena interferencija sa drugim mrežama u istom području. Na primjer, Bluetooth tehnologija koju koristimo, kao i “walkie-talkie”, rade na frekvencijskom pojasu od 2,4 GHz.

Dok današnji moderni ruteri dolaze sa upakiranim mogučnostima svih ovih frekvencijskih raspona kako kako bi se postigla  Gigabitna brzina, sa što manje kompromisa u dosegu i rasponu. Jedan od primjera takvog rutera je predstavljen i na ovogodišnjem CES-u, a to je Linksys WRT32X. Radi kao dual band na 2.4GHz i 5 GHZ, za veći domet i smanjenu interferenciju.

Next-Generation Outdoor Wireless Access Points: Cisco Aironet 1572EAC, 1572IC, and 1572EC

●  Most advanced carrier-grade outdoor Wi-Fi AP
●  802.11ac dual-band (2.4 and 5 GHz) radios
●  Maximum radiated RF power allowed by law
●  Industry’s only 4x4, 3-spatial-stream outdoor AP
●  1.3 Gbps (5 GHz) WLAN RF data rates
●  Cisco Flexible Antenna Port technology
●  Uplink: Fiber/SFP, GE, Cable Modem
●  DOCSIS3.0 with 24x8 channel bonding
●  Power: AC, DC, Cable, UPOE, PoE-Out (802.3at)
●  4G LTE coexistence
●  Module option: Investment protection and future proofing
●  Low visual profile design
●  Controller-based or standalone operation
●  Cisco Aironet 1572EAC
◦   External antenna with AC-power model
●  Cisco Aironet 1572IC
◦   Internal antennas with cable modem model
●  Cisco Aironet 1572EC
◦   External antenna with cable modem model

Highest-performing outdoor wireless AP

The Cisco Aironet 1570 Series outdoor access point is ideal for both enterprise and carrier-class network operators looking to extend Wi-Fi coverage outdoors. It’s the industry’s highest-performing outdoor AP and supports the latest Wi-Fi standard, 802.11ac, with data connection speeds up to 1.3 Gbps. This industrial-grade AP supports 4x4 Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) smart antenna technology and three spatial streams for optimum performance.

The Aironet 1570 provides higher throughput over a larger area with more pervasive coverage. The AP is also well suited to high-density environments w here many users in close proximity generate RF interference that needs to be managed. Examples of environments that can benefit from the Aironet 1570 Series:

●     Outdoor enterprise campuses

●     Outdoor university and school campuses

●     Public venues: stadiums, train stations, airports

●     Service provider networks: Wi-Fi offload for mobile, fixed-line, and cable operators

●     Mining operations

●     Manufacturing yards

●     Municipalities

●     Large metropolitan areas

Features and benefits

The Cisco Aironet 1570 Series meets the demanding needs of customers across a broad range of industries spanning enterprises and service providers. It offers a scalable and secure mesh architecture for high-performance Wi-Fi services. It also addresses the expanding demand for Wi-Fi access services, network-to-network mobility, video surveillance, and cellular data offload to Wi-Fi.

The Cisco 1570 builds and expands on the successful 1550 series legacy of being the Wi-Fi outdoor AP of choice by service providers needing carrier-grade, ruggedized devices that are easy to deploy and maintain.

Cisco Aironet 1560 Series

Ideal for applications requiring rugged outdoor Wi-Fi coverage, the Cisco Aironet 1560 Series Access Points offer the latest IEEE 802.11ac Wave 2 radio standard in a compact, aesthetically pleasing, easy-to-deploy package. The 1560 Series offers flexible deployment options for service providers and enterprise networks, that need the fastest links possible for mobile, outdoor clients (smartphones, tablets, and laptops) and wireless backhaul. With options for internal or external antennas, the 1560 Series Access Points give network operators the flexibility to balance their desired wireless coverage with their need for easy deployment. The Cisco Aironet 1560 Series is built on the strong base of Cisco® wireless innovations such as:
●     Cisco CleanAir® technology for spectrum intelligence
●     Cisco ClientLink technology for beamforming
●     Radio Resource Management (RRM) for dynamic transmitter channel and power control
Whether deployed as a traditional access point or wireless mesh access point, the Cisco Aironet 1560 Series provides the throughput capacity needed for today’s bandwidth-hungry devices.

The Cisco Aironet 1560 Series offers the following features:

●     Improved performance for multiple client devices: The 802.11ac Wave 2 access points use MU-MIMO technology, which allows different data streams to all flow at once from the access point to multiple 802.11ac Wave 2-supported devices. Now, multiple 802.11ac Wave 2 devices can connect at the same time, getting the information they need quicker.

●     5-GHz support: The Cisco Aironet 1560 Series doubles the scale of 5 -GHz mobile devices and raises the performance of high-density environments.

●     4G LTE Coexistence: The Cisco Aironet 1560 Series includes robust filtering around the 2.4 GHz unlicensed band to block out nearby licensed 4G LTE cellular signals.

●     Cisco Flexible Antenna Port technology uses software configurable for either single- or dual-band antennas. It allows you to use the same antenna ports for either dual-band antennas to reduce footprint or single-band antennas to optimize radio coverage.

●     Cisco Mobility Express: This solution is designed to bring enterprise-class wireless access to small and medium-sized networks. Easy to set up with low maintenance, Mobility Express includes advanced features from Cisco and does not require a physical controller appliance.

●     Cisco High Density Experience (HDX): Cisco HDX comes standard on the 1560, giving this access point top-of-the-line network efficiency over a large number of wireless clients. HDX uses customized chipsets to target the needs of high-density networks. It is built with best-in-class RF architecture and gives a better user experience for high-performance applications.

Cisco Aironet 1540 Series

The Cisco Aironet 1540 Series is ideal for applications requiring rugged outdoor Wi-Fi coverage and supports the latest 802.11ac Wave 2 radio standard. Housed in a compact, aesthetically pleasing, easy-to-deploy package, the 1540 Series offers flexible deployment options for service providers and enterprise networks that need the fastest links possible for mobile outdoor clients (smartphones, tablets, and laptops) and wireless backhaul. The 1540 Series access points give network operators the flexibility to balance their desired wireless coverage with their need for easy deployment.

Whether deployed as a traditional access point or a wireless mesh access point, the 1540 Series provides the throughput capacity needed for today’s bandwidth-hungry devices.

Features and benefits

By adhering to the 802.11ac Wave 2 standard, the 1540 Series provides a data rate of up to 867 Mbps on the 5-GHz radio. This exceeds the data rates offered by access points that support the 802.11n standard. It also enables a total aggregate dual-radio data rate of up to 1.1 Gbps. This provides the necessary foundation for enterprise and service provider networks to stay ahead of the performance expectations and needs of their wireless users.

In recent years corporate users have increasingly preferred wireless access as the form of network connectivity due to its convenience. With this shift, there is an expectation that wireless should not slow down users’ day-to-day work, but should enable a high-performance experience. The 1540 Series delivers this performance with highly secure and reliable wireless connections for mobile end users.

More info about Cisco: Between hope and possible, there’s a bridge.

Zeljko Serdar, CCRES

Coronavirus (COVID-19) and 5G

Many people claims that Wuhan, China, the centre of the new coronavirus outbreak, was where 5G was first rolled out. It suggests that 5G has damaged peoples’ immune systems and so boosted the virulence of the common cold. The main implication of the claim—that 5G can impact immune systems—is totally unfounded. There is no evidence linking the new coronavirus to 5G.

It’s true that Wuhan does have some 5G coverage. 

The local government listed a number of venues with 5G coverage in August 2019. We can’t find evidence it was the very first city with 5G but we’ve seen reports saying Wuhan was one of several Chinese cities where early 5G trials took place. Another said Wuhan was “one of the first pilot cities of the 5G network in China”.

Claim

Wuhan is where 5G was rolled out first.

5G wrecks immune systems and that is why people in Wuhan are suffering with this illness.

Venues with 5G coverage in Wuhan now

Source: hubei.gov.cn 08/27/2019 15:08:10

With the debuts of 5G mobile phones, a growing number of consumers begin to concern about where they can have access to 5G service in Wuhan.

At present, the venues for the 7th CISM Military World Games, airport, railway station and major business circles, some universities have achieved 5G coverage, according to the three major communication operators, China Mobile, China Telecom and China Unicom in Wuhan on August 26. (hubei.gov.cn by Ruan Xinqi)

http://en.hubei.gov.cn/news/newslist/201908/t20190827_1409062.shtml


China completes third phase of national 5G trial program

Chinese vendors Huawei and ZTE as well as the country’s three state-owned carriers took part in the trials
China’s IMT-2020 (5G) Promotion Group said it has completed a third phase of non-standalone trials, Chinese press reported.

The tests were based on 3GPP’s Release 15 standards unveiled last year.

Tests in this phase included both indoor and outdoor trials, core network and base station functions. Huawei, ZTE and the China Information and Communication Technologies Group completed trials using the 3.5 GHz and 4.9 GHz frequency bands, according to the reports.

The IMT-2020 Promotion Group said that more than 20 companies participated in the third phase of China’s 5G trials, including Ericsson, Nokia Shanghai Bell, Samsung, Qualcomm, Intel and Rohde & Schwarz.

The group’s next step is to conduct interoperability tests on system and chip system terminals.

China’s 5G R&D tests started in 2016 and have involved three phases: key technologies testing, the verification of technology and solution and 5G system verification.

The IMT-2020 (5G) promotion group was jointly established in 2013 by the Chinese Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Science and Technology, based on the original IMT-Advanced Promotion Group. In China, it is the primary platform through which 5G research and international exchange and cooperation is conducted.

Operators participating in the IMT-2020 Promotion Group include China Mobile, China Telecom, China Unicom and Japanese telecoms operator NTT DoCoMo.

The IMT-2020 Promotion Group completed the initial phase of its trial program in 2016. That phase included testing wireless technologies including massive multiple-input-multiple-output, novel multiple access, new waveforms, advance coding, ultra-dense network implementations and high-frequency communications. The trial phase also included network slicing, edge computing and network function reconstruction. The second phase of the national 5G tests were fully completed during last year.

Earlier this year, the Chinese government had authorized carriers to test 5G technology in major cities across the country. Under this initiative, state-run telcos have been deploying 5G networks in 16 cities to trial the technology.

China Mobile, the world’s largest mobile operator in terms of subscribers, had plans to carry out external field test in the cities of Hangzhou, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Suzhou, and Wuhan and deploy more than 100 base stations in these locations. China Mobile also has said it would conduct 5G network application demonstrations in 12 cities including Beijing, Chengdu, and Shenzhen.

Last year, China Mobile announced plans to deploy more than 10,000 5G base stations by 2020. The telco expects to launch a pre-commercial 5G service this year.

China Unicom’s 5G trials plans center around 16 cities including Beijing, Tianjin, Qingdao, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Wuhan, Guiyang, Chengdu, Shenzhen, Fuzhou, Zhengzhou, and Shenyang.

China Telecom has also said it plans to test 5G technology in six cities including Xiong’an, Shenzhen, Shanghai, Suzhou, Chengdu and Lanzhou.

https://www.rcrwireless.com/20181004/5g/china-completes-third-phase-national-5g-trial-program

Hubei sets up over 300 5G base station

WUHAN, May 27 (Xinhua) -- Central China's Hubei Province has built more than 300 5G base stations and achieved full 5G signal coverage in its prefecture-level cities, local telecom sources said.The China Mobile's Hubei branch said more than 300 5G base stations have been built since February 2018, and a dozen 5G experience centers have been completed in cities including Xiaogan, Yichang and Jingmen.In the experience centers, visitors can learn knowledge about 5G technology and are allowed to experience 5G networks and high-tech products such as VR glasses, robotic arms and robots. Visitors will also learn about the close connection of 5G products in their daily lives.Wuhan, capital of Hubei, is one of the first pilot cities of the 5G network in China. So far, 5G technology has been applied in various fields in the city, including intelligent education, intelligent medical treatment, driverless vehicles, intelligent tourism, smart transportation and intelligent enterprises.

http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-05/27/c_138094302.htm

In October 2019, China’s three state telecoms companies announced they would be rolling out phone services that use 5G, and that big cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Hangzhou were already covered by the network.5G is the next generation of wireless network technology, following on from 4G. Like 4G, 3G and 2G before it, 5G mobile data is transmitted over radio waves—a small part of the whole electromagnetic spectrum (which includes microwaves, visible light and X-rays).These radio waves are non-ionising, (meaning they don’t damage the DNA inside cells), as X-rays, gamma rays and UV rays are able to do. 5G, although at slightly higher frequencies than previous networks, is still in this radio part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

BEIJING (Reuters) - China’s three state telecoms on Thursday announced the roll-out 5G mobile phone services, marking a key step in Beijing’s ambitions to become a technology superpower at a time when it remains locked in trade tensions with Washington.China Mobile’s, China Unicom and China Telecom’s said on their websites and online stores that 5G plans, which start from as low as 128 yuan a month, will be available from Friday, allowing Chinese consumers nationwide to use the ultra-fast mobile internet service.Beijing had originally said it would launch the ultra-fast mobile internet service, which promises to support new features such as autonomous driving, early next year. But it accelerated its plans as tensions with the United States, especially over its boycott of telecoms giant Huawei Technologies, heated up.

“China will have the largest commercial operating 5G network in the world on Friday, and the scale of its network and the price of its 5G services will have a pivotal impact throughout the supply chain,” Bernstein said in a report this week.Authorities have said that they plan to install over 50,000 5G base stations across 50 Chinese cities in the country by the end of this year, and that big cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Hangzhou, are already covered by the 5G network.Chinese companies from Xiaomi to Huawei have also unveiled new products in anticipation of the 5G roll out, with Huawei saying that it anticipates to start seeing a revenue uplift from the sector next year.

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-telco-5g/chinas-state-telecoms-to-launch-5g-services-on-friday-idUSKBN1XA0JC

As for the claim that the new coronavirus observed in Wuhan is the “normal cold” with boosted virulence—that is simply not the case. 

5G?

Conclusion

Wuhan was one of the first places with 5G trials, as well as several other large Chinese cities, like Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou but we don’t know if it was the first.These days 5G is blamed for everything, from cancer to bushfires, so it is not surprising that conspiracy theories that 5G caused, or helped spread coronavirus have been shared into the anti-5G groups.
Some people claimed Wuhan was where 5G was first rolled out, and 5G “wrecked immune systems and thereby boosted the virulency of the normal cold”. Wuhan was one of a few places where 5G was rolled out in China in 2020, along with other parts of the world. There is no evidence (yet) that 5G weakens immune systems or is harmful to humans. Novel coronavirus is probably with us beyond this season, beyond this year.