Asking a question that assumes a particular answer is easy to do when you already think you're right and just want people to say you're right. The chemtrail conspiracy theory is the claim that long-lasting trails, so-called "chemtrails", are left in the sky by high-flying aircraft and that they consist of chemical or biological agents deliberately sprayed for unknown purposes undisclosed to the general public Believers (like me, myself & I) in the theory argue that normal contrails dissipate relatively quickly and that contrails that do not dissipate must contain additional substances.
We ask some question? #Chemtrail! Here are some answers from Weather Modification Inc. 3802 20th St. N Fargo, ND 58102 USA
Zeljko Serdar, CCRES
Q.
Who are you?
A.
Weather Modification, Inc., is a global atmospheric sciences company committed to continued advances in the field of weather modification.
Weather Modification, Inc., has a wide range of services to provide knowledge, data, equipment and capability at any phase in your project. We can also tailor a program to meet your specific objectives and manage it from beginning to end.
Our talented scientists, researchers, project managers, technicians, and pilots have the expertise you need to carry out an efficient, effective weather program.
Q.
Cloud seeding?
A.
Aerial cloud seeding is the process of delivering a seeding agent by aircraft - either at the cloud base or cloud top. Top seeding allows for direct injection of the seeding agent into the supercooled cloud top. Base seeding is the release of the seeding agent in the updraft of a cloud base.
Water resources are increasingly taxed by exploding demand and continued population growth. The world's population is projected to grow over 40% in the next 45 years.
Weather modification, commonly known as cloud seeding, is the application of scientific technology that can enhance a cloud's ability to produce precipitation. Weather Modification, Inc., is on the forefront of scientific technology to maximize water availability worldwide. Application of scientific concepts and extensive scientific experimentation has proven that cloud seeding increases the amount of precipitation.
Q.
What are the common applications of cloud seeding?
A.
Cloud seeding is most commonly used to increase precipitation, both in warm and cold seasons (summer and winter). Spring and summer operations are usually conducted from aircraft, as the clouds of interest are convective (cumuliform). Winter storms are most often seeded to increase the snowfall over mountainous terrain. In these cold-season programs, seeding can be done either from aircraft or from ground-based facilities.
Warm season cloud seeding is also used to mitigate hail damage to homes, automobiles, property and crops. Hail damage mitigation efforts utilize airborne delivery of the seeding material.
In addition, cold fogs, those made of cloud droplets but existing at cold temperatures (less than 0°C); can often be dissipated by seeding with ice-forming agents.
Q.
How can the effectiveness of cloud seeding operations be determined?
A.
The success of cloud seeding programs for increased participation can be measured using precipitation gauge data to compare rainfall or snowfall during comparable seeded and non-seeded periods. Another evaluation technique relies on the comparison of seeded seasons with other non-seeded seasons in the same location. For warm season seeding projects, weather radar is sometimes used for evaluations, because all the clouds within range are measured. Some wintertime projects, designed to increase snowfall and subsequent runoff, measure changes in stream flows to assess the impact of seeding efforts.
Q.
What are the environmental consequences of weather modification?
A.
Environmental impact from cloud seeding operations can be broken into two categories:
The effects of the chemical seeding agents used for the programs
The impacts of precipitation changes
Environmental Impact from Cloud Seeding Agents
The active ingredient in cold cloud seeding agents is silver iodide, or AgI. Unlike ionic silver, the silver iodide compound is very stable, essentially inert. Numerous studies have been conducted that clearly demonstrate its safety. Even projects operated for decades have experienced no adverse environmental impacts because of silver iodide. Additional information about the safety of silver iodide, is found in many studies and reports. The active ingredient in warm cloud seeding is simple salt, either sodium chloride (NaCl, table salt), or calcium chloride (CaCl). Both are found abundantly in the environment; sea spray releases millions of tons of NaCl into the atmosphere annually.
Environmental Impact of Precipitation Changes
The effects of cloud seeding on precipitation are typically on the order of 10%, while seasonal natural variability may be as much as a factor of two. When viewed in this context, the seasonal effects resulting from increased precipitation are negligible.
Q.
Are cloud seeding activities subject to regulation or control?
A.
In the United States, most states have laws in place that require permits for all cloud seeding activities, and that those persons conducting the projects be qualified to do so. In addition, site-specific permits and/or environmental evaluations may sometimes be required. U.S. Federal law requires that all cloud seeding operations be reported annually to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
Q.
How quickly can Weather Modification, Inc. , launch a project?
A.
Depending upon the location and nature of the program, we may be able to mobilize an effective program within a few weeks of a signed contract. The fastest response generally includes the use of facilities owned by Weather Modification, Inc., including aircraft, radars and ground-based seeding equipment. If a client wants to use aircraft they already own, additional time is required to make required aircraft modifications and obtain needed certifications. Because of our extensive experience and resources, Weather Modification, Inc., does this faster than anyone.
Q.
Do I need to have my own aircraft, or does Weather Modification, Inc. , supply them?
A.
We operate a fleet of reliable twin-engine aircraft suitable for virtually every project, from warm season cloud base seeding operations, to wintertime operations in known icing conditions, to on-top convective storm treatment and/or atmospheric assessment and evaluation. We can even handle your high-altitude (up to 43,000 ft) research needs.
If you wish to use your own aircraft, we can quickly install all requisite seeding equipment and instrumentation for you.
Either way, your program can be up and running quickly and safely.
Q.
What does a cloud seeding project cost?
A.
The cost of a project depends upon the target area size, season and topography, types of seeding to be conducted, needed equipment and personnel, and the length of the desired project period. It is usually better to consider benefit-to-cost ratios. If you think you might be interested, contact us and we’ll be happy to assess your needs and offer an estimate.
Q.
If I am interested in starting a weather modification project, where do I begin?
A.
You can contact us by telephone, mail, fax – or via our simple online form. Or if you prefer, e-mail us at info@weathermodification.com. Tell us where and when you need your project, what you hope to accomplish, and we’ll help you get started.
Q.
Some for the end?
A.
Let us help you better manage your atmospheric and water resources.
When most people look up they see clouds.
WE SEE POTENTIAL.
I spent a delightful day at the NOAA Central Library last week, before attending the Space Weather Enterprise Forum. The knowledgeable and helpful staff gave me a chance to explore the NOAA photo archives, where I found a bunch of great images I’ll explore now and in the future.
ReplyDeleteToday’s pictures from NOAA document Project Stormfury, a long-running experimental effort to reduce the destructiveness of hurricanes by using cloud seeding. The theory was that silver iodide crystals could stimulate artificial convection that would compete with the natural convection in the eye wall, in hopes of reforming the eye wall at a larger radius and thus reducing maximum wind speeds.
The project was a major undertaking. The NSF, US Air Force, US Navy and Weather Bureau/ESSA/NOAA contributed assets. But due to the restrictions imposed by experimental design--and concern about influencing hurricanes that were likely to strike land--relatively few hurricanes were actually experimented upon. Between 1962 and 1971, four hurricanes were seeded on eight different days.
The photo archive documents some of the aircraft types involved, a veritable museum of Cold War aviation. Air Force WB-47s and Navy WC-121s tracked the hurricanes, Marine Corps A-6s dropped specially designed wide-area dispersal canisters, modified B-57s and even U-2s took images from very high-altitude, while NOAA DC-6s made radar and in situ observations to estimate wind speed and direction.
While Stormfury failed to produce convincing proof that hurricanes could be artificially diminished, the extensive data and observations contributed to a deeper understanding of tropical cyclones, leading to advances in prediction. Notable American meteorologists Robert Simpson and Joanne Simpson served as the first and second directors of Stormfury. Research related to the project continued until 1983, long after hurricane seeding ended. The project thus represents a significant milestone in the development of knowledge about tropical meteorology.
Learn More
H.E. Willoughby, et al. “Project STORMFURY: A Scientific Chronicle, 1962-1983,” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society v. 66, n. 5 (May 1985): 505-514.
Robert H. Simpson with Neal M. Dorst, Hurricane Pioneer: Memoirs of Bob Simpson (American Meteorological Society, 2015): 95-104.
US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Project Stormfury (GPO, 1977)
https://www.google.com/search?q=project+stormfury&rlz=1C1EJFC_enHR880HR881&sxsrf=ALeKk03YAUIg5Xt59dsHgtaCt61I0NKeEw:1593333843216&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=Q2nt_aZNNls_gM%252CgHOALxjGA4waFM%252C%252Fm%252F029vt2&vet=1&usg=AI4_-kSI7P8wxqCVz3lE6hUq4Qq1Wgl-UA&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiz2O6Nj6TqAhWJAhAIHfrkDcgQ_B0wGHoECAUQAw&biw=1536&bih=754
Cloud seeding is used to enhance snowfall over the Snowy Mountains during the cold months, ultimately increasing the amount of water available to produce clean, renewable energy.
ReplyDeleteSnowy Hydro’s Cloud Seeding Program increases precipitation by an average of 14%. It currently targets an area of 2,110 square kilometres.
Glaciogenic cloud seeding is a weather modification technique which involves the introduction of a seeding agent into suitable clouds to encourage the formation and growth of ice crystals, in turn enhancing the amount of snow falling from the cloud.
Snowy Hydro’s Cloud Seeding Program began as a trial in 2004. An independent scientific evaluation of the trial found cloud seeding increased precipitation by an average of 14% and that there were no adverse impacts on rainfall downwind of the target area. The evaluation was supported by two scientific peer reviews and published in the Journal of Applied Meteorology.
An extensive environmental monitoring program included the in-depth analysis of thousands of environmental samples, collected prior to and during the trial. The NSW Natural Resources Commission conducted an independent peer review of the evaluation and environmental monitoring program, finding cloud seeding increased snowfall in the target area and there was no evidence of adverse environmental impacts.
In 2012, the NSW government legislated for an ongoing, operational cloud seeding program, to commence from the winter of 2013. Cloud seeding activities are authorised by the Snowy Mountains Cloud Seeding Act 2004 (Act) and in accordance with an approved Environmental Management Plan (EMP). The Environment Protection Authority (EPA) is nominated to review compliance of cloud seeding operations with the Act and the EMP. Snowy Hydro reports annually on its cloud seeding operations to the NSW Government and EPA; click here to access the annual cloud seeding operations reports.
The inspiration behind seeding the sky with plumes of dust came from the volcano Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines that exploded in 1991. It killed more than 700 people and left more than 200,000 homeless, but also gave scientists the chance to monitor the consequences of a vast chemical cloud in the stratosphere.The volcano disgorged 20 million tonnes of sulphur dioxide high above the planet, where it formed droplets of sulphuric acid that floated around the globe for more than a year. These droplets acted like tiny mirrors to reflect sunlight and as a result, global temperatures were reduced by 0.5c for around a year and a half.This gave impetus to a idea of a dream 'fix' of global warming - and has been the subject of at least 100 academic papers.But creating what amounts to a gigantic sunshade for the Earth may come at a high price, posing even greater risks than climate change itself.One fear is that spreading dust into the stratosphere may damage the ozone layer that protects us from hazardous ultraviolet radiation which can damage human DNA and cause cancers.Climatologists are also concerned that such tinkering could unintentionally disrupt the circulation of ocean currents that regulate our weather.This itself could unleash a global outbreak of extreme climatic events that might devastate farmland, wipe out entire species and foster disease epidemics. The potential for disaster does not even end there. Trying to dim the Sun's rays would likely create climate winners and losers.Scientists may be able to set the perfect climatic conditions for farmers in America's vast Midwest, but at the same time this setting might wreak drought havoc across Africa.For it is not possible to change the temperature in one part of the world and not disturb the rest. Everything in the world's climate is interconnected.Furthermore, any change in global average temperature would in turn change the way in which heat is distributed around the globe, with some places warming more than others.This, in turn, would affect rain levels. Heat drives the water cycle — in which water evaporates, forms clouds and drops as rain. Any heat alteration would cause an accompanying shift in rainfall patterns. But how and where exactly?There is no way of predicting how the world's long-term weather may respond to having a gigantic chemical sunshade plonked on top of it.
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