SOLAR SERDAR - USE YOUR ROOF

SOLAR SERDAR - USE YOUR ROOF !!!
Solar energy is not only easy to use – it has the most power from all renewable energy forms. Just a small fraction of the solar radiation that hits the earth would be sufficient to cover world energy consumption. And that – at least with regard to primary energy costs – is free of charge: sunlight costs you nothing.

However, not only the quantity is impressive. Solar energy is particularly attractive due to its cleanliness. There are practically no emissions and no dangerous radiation. So it is well-suited to tackle current climatic problems.

In order to use solar energy, no new and complex technologies are needed that would probably make no contribution to generating energy in the near future, despite intense and costly research. Already today, largely matured technologies are available which allow efficient use of solar energy.

Last but not least: fossil fuels are becoming increasingly scarce and ever more expensive. At the same time, energy demand is continuously increasing, especially in the aspiring Asian nations. We can predict that this will have significant political, economical, and ecological consequences. Solar energy can be an efficient instrument to counteract this alarming development.
Over 95 % of today’s solar cells consist of the semiconductor material silicon. Semiconductors are materials whose electrical conductivity increases with the influx of light or heat.

For the production of solar cells, the silicon is doped. For this purpose, other chemical elements are added, either creating an electron surplus (n-conductive layer) or an electron deficit (p-conductive layer). If two differently doped semiconductor areas convene, a so-called space charge zone is created at the boundary layer (p-n transition).

In order to achieve the desired effect, the initial material is normally lightly p-doped and a thin surface layer heavily n-doped. This creates the space charge zone required for separating charge carriers.

The front contact is a metallic mesh, enabling the sunlight to penetrate the silicon between the contacts. Moreover, solar cells are coated with an anti-reflection layer, serving to protect the cell and to reduce energy loss resulting from reflection. This layer gives the solar cells their typical bluish black appearance.
As a home owner, you can take the opportunity to use your roof as a small power station – without any effort as all the work is done by the solar cells. Modules made by SOLAR SERDAR can be installed by several different means in various ways, making them extremely versatile.More info at solarserdar@gmail.com.

SOLAR SERDAR
solarserdar@gmail.com

SOLAR SERDAR - WORLD SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DAYS

The World Sustainable Energy Days, the largest annual conference in this field in Europe, offer a unique combination of events on sustainable energy production and use, covering energy efficiency and renewable energy sources for buildings, industry and transport.

Conferences - which presented the latest technology trends, outstanding examples and European strategies - and the "Energiesparmesse", an important energy exhibition, offer ideal opportunities to establish new partnerships. The conference makes an important contribution to awareness raising for green energy and energy efficiency.

Since 19 years, experts and decision makers from all over the world flock to Upper Austria to attend the events - in the last 12 years, the conference attracted more than 10,000 participants from 98 countries!
Pellets are a clean, CO2-neutral and convenient fuel with growing market shares worldwide. The European Pellet Conference in Wels/Austria aims to provide in-depth information on pellet technologies, innovation and market trends. It will also offer an exciting platform to discuss new co-operation projects.

With more than 600 participants every year, the European Pellet Conferences held in Wels have become the largest annual pellet event in the world.

The conference is organised by O.Ö. Energiesparverband, the regional energy agency of Upper Austria, dedicated to sustainable energy market development. Upper Austria is an ideal location for such a conference. The region is home to a number of Europe‘s leading biomass boiler producers, and pellet heating systems have become a standard solution. More info at solarserdar@gmail.com.

Call for papers & speakers
Take the opportunity and share your work, achievements and insights with the world-wide pellet community!

Call for papers
Call for projects for the ”International Pellet Business Forum“
Propose a speaker
Topics:

R&D and technology innovation in fuels, distribution, equipment
innovative products, solutions, services, financing, marketing and business models
strategies, policies, legislation, programmes to develop pellet markets
market reports from local, regional, national pellet markets
standardisation and quality issues
improvements in costs, performance and consumer satisfaction
sustainability aspects along the value chain
raw materials, pellet production technologies
pilot projects, information and training
The papers will be presented in oral or poster sessions, accepted and presented contributions will be published in the proceedings.

Deadline: 05 October 2010


How to participate?


Please submit your contributions for the ”Call for papers & projects“ by E-Mail to office@esv.or.at, for proposing speakers, please use the online form.

The conference "Energy Efficiency Watch: Building Renovation" will present how public policies will contribute to triggering a renovation boom, financing models and technology solutions. It will showcase innovative examples of energy-efficient, economic and sustainable renovations of domestic, public and commercial buildings and for social housing and outline approaches towards zero energy renovations.

The event is organised in the frame of the IEE-project Energy Efficiency Watch II.


Call for papers & speakers
Take the opportunity and share your work, achievements and insights with the world-wide community! The following possibilities are available:

call for papers
propose a speaker
Topics:

renovation strategies for domestic, public, commercial buildings & social housing
technology innovation
financial instruments
policies & programmes
minimum performance requirements
cost-optimal renovation levels
National Energy Efficiency Action Plans
sustainability & durability & affordability
zero energy renovation
policies and programmes
best practice examples from around the globe
training & skills
The papers will be presented in oral or poster sessions, accepted and presented contributions will be published in the proceedings.

Deadline: 05 October 2010


How to participate?

Please submit your contributions for the "call for papers" by E-Mail to office@esv.or.at, for proposing a speaker, please use the online form.

We look forward to receiving your contributions!
More info at solarserdar@gmail.com.

While solar heat for domestic and service applications has increasing market shares across Europe, solar process heat is still in its infancy. The potential is enormous: about 30% of the total industrial heat demand is at temperature levels below 100°C which can be provided from commercially available solar thermal collectors.

The aim of the first ”International Solar Process Heat Conference“ is to present the technology solutions, market reports and best practice examples and to discuss strategies how to increase the market for solar process heat globally.

The conference is held in the framework of the Intelligent Energy Europe project ”Solar Process Heat“, www.solar-process-heat.eu

The conference is organised by O.Ö. Energiesparverband, the regional energy agency of Upper Austria, dedicated to sustainable energy market development.
Upper Austria as a leading solar thermal region in the world (0.7 m² solar thermal installed per capita) is the ideal location for this conference.


Call for papers & speakers
Take the opportunity and share your work, achievements and insights with the world-wide solar thermal community! The following possibilities are available:

call for papers
propose a speaker

Topics:

R&D and technology innovation for solar process heat
best practice examples from around the globe
analyses of potentials, application sectors, economics of solar process heat
collector innovation for solar process heat
system designs, planning tools & approaches, integration into commercial and industrial energy systems
solar heat metering, guarantee of results, quality assurance, solar contracting
market reports on solar process heat from local, regional, national markets
innovative products, solutions, services, financing, marketing and business models
information, awareness raising, training
strategies and programmes to develop solar process heat markets

The papers will be presented in oral or poster sessions, accepted and presented contributions will be published in the proceedings.


Deadline: 5 October 2010


How to participate?


Please submit your contributions for the ”call for papers“ by E-Mail to office@esv.or.at, for proposing a speaker, please use the online form.


We look forward to receiving your contributions!
More info at solarserdar@gmail.com.

Leading exhibition and trade show on energy efficiency and renewable energy sources - more than 1,600 exhibitors and more than 100,000 visitors.



02 - 03 March: Professional Visitor Days

04 - 06 March: General Public Days

General Information:
Organizer and location
Messe Wels GmbH & Co KG
A-4600 Wels, Messeplatz 1
Tel.: +43(0)7242/9392-0
Fax: +43(0)7242/9392-66451
e-mail: office@messe-wels.at
internet: www.energiesparmesse.at

Opening times
Exhibition: 04 - 06 March 2011

Professional Visitors Days:
02 - 03 March 2011
From 9 a.m. - 6 p.m. each day

SOLAR SERDAR
solarserdar@gmail.com

SOLAR SERDAR recommends SolarWorld

SolarWorld is the largest PV manufacturer in the U.S. and is currently building its network of installers across the country. Our modules are completely Made in the USA (98.6%) and lead the competition on energy production based on independent studies.
How a PV cell makes electricity

Under the sun, a photovoltaic cell acts as a photosensitive diode that instantaneously converts light – but not heat – into electricity.

Cell Layers

A top, phosphorus-diffused silicon layer carries free electrons – unanchored particles with negative charges. A thicker, borondoped bottom layer contains holes, or absences of electrons, that also can move reely. In effect, precise manufacturing has instilled an electronic imbalance between the two layers.

Sun Activation

Photons bombard and penetrate the cell.
They activate electrons, knocking them loose in both silicon layers.
Some electrons in the bottom layer sling-shot to the top of the cell.
These electrons flow into metal contacts as electricity, moving into a circuit throughout a 60-cell module.
Electrons flow back into the cell via a solid contact layer at the bottom, creating a closed loop or circuit.
SolarWorld manufacturers solar panels entirely in the USA from raw silicon to completed solar panels. This process involves four main steps: crystal growing, wafering, solar cell production and solar panel assembly. Learn about each of the four steps below.

Crystal growing
Wafering
Solar cell production
Solar panel assembly
SolarWorld heats and melts polysilicon rock until it forms a whitehot liquid, then re-fuses the molten silicon into a single giant crystal in which all atoms are perfectly aligned in a desired structure and orientation.

Charging

The magic starts with about 250 pounds of polysilicon rocks carefully stacked in a quartz crucible. The only other ingredient is a silicon disk impregnated with a tiny amount of boron. The addition of the oron dopant ensures that the resulting crystal will bear a positive potential electrical orientation. The crucible is encased within thick walls of insulating graphite and locked inside a cylindrical furnace.More info at solarserdar@gmail.com.





Melting

As the crystal-growing furnace heats up to temperatures ranging around 2,500 degrees Fahrenheit, its silicon contents melt into a shimmering slurry. Once computerized monitors register the right temperature and atmospheric conditions, the alchemy begins. A silicon seed crystal, hung from a narrow cable attached to a rotary device atop the furnace, is slowly lowered into the melt.

Growing

The crucible starts to turn, and the seed crystal begins to rotate in the opposite direction. The silicon melt freezes onto the seed crystal, matching the seed’s crystalline structure. The crystal grows, the cable and seed slowly ascend, and the crystal elongates at a controlled width. As the growth depletes the silicon slurry, the crucible also rises.

Cooling

Flash forward about 2.5 days since the crucible was charged with polysilicon: After hours of cooling to about 300 degrees Fahrenheit, the furnace hood and shaft lift away from the crucible encasement, slowly swing to one side and reveal a completed cylindrical crystal, ready to move to the second step and next production room.
A silicon crystal must change shape several times before it winds up as the precisely calibrated wafers that form the foundations of photovoltaic cells.





Cutting

First, a saw cuts off the crystal’s so-called top and tail, so that a crystal of uniform width remains. Typically, wafering saws draw thin wire bearing a liquid abrasive across the crystal’s surface. (Below, a machine mounted with a giant donutlike steel blade does the cutting.) Wire saws also cut the crystal into ingots measuring 2 feet or less. Steel holders are mounted on the ends of these ingots for the next step.



Squaring

Mounted ingots are placed standing on end in a rack bearing 16 at a time inside another wireslicing machine. There, wire running in a lattice configuration descends on the ingots to shear off four rounded segments, leaving flat sides. The result: The ingots now have a square crosssection, except for still-rounded corners.

Slicing

The next wire saw is more intricate yet. A wire winding hundreds of times between two cylindrical drums forms a web of parallel, tightly spaced segments. As the wire unspools through the machine, ingots mounted sideways on glass and metal holders are pressed two at a time through the wire web, slicing them into the thickness of slim business cards. Each millimeter of crystal yields about 21/2 wafers. Detached from their holders, the wafers are loaded into carriers, or boats, for transport to the next step.
Converting wafers into cells

At this point, a wafer is no more capable of producing electricity than a sliver of river rock. The wafer is the main building block of a PV cell, but so far its only notable characteristics are its crystal structure and positive potential orientation. All of that changes in the third, multistep, cell-production phase of PV manufacturing.More info at solarserdar@gmail.com.

Etching

In the only phase requiring a designated clean room, a series of intricate chemical and heat treatments converts the blank, grey wafers into productive, blue cells. A so-called texture etch, for instance, removes a tiny layer of silicon, relying on the underlying crystal structure to reveal an irregular pattern of pyramids. The surface of pyramids – so small they’re invisible to the naked eye – absorbs more light.

Diffusing

Next, wafers are moved in cartridges into long, cylindrical, ovenlike chambers in which phosphorus is diffused into a thin layer of the wafer surface. The molecular-level impregnation occurs as the wafer surface is exposed to phosphorus gas at a high heat, a step that gives the surface a negative potential electrical orientation. The combination of that layer and the boron-doped layer below creates a positive-negative, or P/N, junction – a critical partition in the functioning of a PV cell.

Coloring and Printing

The burgeoning, still-grey cells move in trays into heavy vacuum chambers where blue-purple silicon nitride is deposited onto their tops. The coating with silicon nitride – yet another member of the silicon family of materials – is designed to reduce reflection even further in the energy-dense blue end of the light spectrum. It leaves the cells with their final, dark color. Now, the cells can optimally gather photons and produce electricity. They lack, however, any mechanism to collect and forward the power. So, in a series of silkscreen- like steps, metals are printed on both sides of the cell, adding pin-stripe "fingers" and bus-bar circuitry. A functioning cell is born – only sunshine needed.
Stringing cells into solar panels

Each phase of production depends on processes with flavors all their own. Careful control of heating and cooling dominates crystal growing. Wafering employs abrasion and cutting. Cell production concentrates on chemistry. Any factory process would be incomplete without a final assembly step, and in PV such a step is known as moduling.

Soldering

At SolarWorld, module manufacturing is a highly automated process, relying on robust steel robotics to undertake the increasingly heavy lifting of assembling lightweight PV cells into modules weighing around 45 pounds apiece. Each robotic tool works within a safety fence that, by design, excludes people. First, cells are soldered together into strings of 10, using an over-under-overunder pattern of metal connectors to link the cells. Six strings are laid out to form a rectangular matrix of 60 cells. Each matrix is laminated onto glass.

Framing

To become a module, however, each laminate requires not only a frame to provide protection against weather and other impacts but also a junction box to enable connections among modules or with an inverter-bound conduit. Robots affix those, too.

Inspection and Shipping

Careful cleaning and inspection provide final touches before each module can be palletized for delivery to homes and businesses.


We seek both seasoned solar installers as well as new contractors interested in entering the market. If customer service, quality installation, and partnering with the best are key to your business strategy, then we want to hear from you.More info at solarserdar@gmail.com.

As more and more states adopt solar incentives the U.S. solar market is rapidly expanding beyond California. Companies that enter now will be well positioned to grow as the U.S. solar market expands over the next 5 years.
Sunkits® solar electric systems
Sunkits makes it simple for you. SolarWorld custom designs each Sunkits system for your customers needs and provides you with a detailed proposal.
Training
Receive the training that you need to get you solar business started or to take you company to the next level.

Marketing materials
Save money on producing your own materials with SolarWorld brochures, data sheets and more.

Sales leads
Grow your business with additional leads direct from SolarWorld.

SolarWorld exclusive financing
Offer your customers a variety of options to pay for their solar array.

SolarWorld Authorized Installer Logo
Gain credibility by using the SolarWorld Authorized Installer logo on your web site and marketing materials.

Co-marketing
Receive additional marketing support as you grow your business.
SolarWorld is seeeking both experienced solar installers as well as other companies interested in getting into solar, such as electrical and HVAC companies.

Basic knowledge of solar PV
Required licensing and insurance per your region
Professional customer service
Becoming a SolarWorld installer is easy. Simply follow these steps to get started:

Step 1: Complete the online inquiry form.

Step 2: Attend the Sunkits® webinar.

Step 3: Complete formal registration form.

Step 4: For installers new to solar PV, attend a local hands on training.

Step 5: Start installing!

Straightforward security
Because SolarWorld produces the highest quality, we can guarantee the best performance. That's why SolarWorld is the first solar company to offer a 25-year linear performance guarantee* for all modules installed after January 1, 2010.
SOLAR SERDAR
solarserdar@gmail.com

SOLAR SERDAR recommends CONERGY USA

SOLAR SERDAR recommends CONERGY USA
Conergy is one of the world’s largest solar energy companies and offers a broad range of products for on-grid and off-grid applications. We work with a select group of manufacturers and our own team of over 300 product engineers and product support specialists to continuously drive innovative design in each of our major product areas.

Solar-power installations on private homes and businesses, as well as the world's largest solar plants worldwide, are producing clean energy with Conergy components. Conergy offers solutions for both off-grid and grid-connected installations. In homes where the connection to the public electricity grid would be too costly or complicated, a photovoltaic installation can be your first choice because of its quiet and nearly maintenance-free operation.More info at solarserdar@gmail.com.

The modules, electrical components, and mounting systems we offer are specifically designed to meet the requirements of the market and are available exclusively from professional wholesalers specializing in renewable energy.
Solar energy systems reduce up to 100% your electricity costs, depending on system size. Utility prices are only going up every year. Solar energy provides you security from rising electricity rates.

A solar electric system adds value to any home or building and pays for itself for years to come. And, your solar system adds value without increasing your property taxes.
Solar is an environmentally responsible technology. Unlike fossil fuels, it does not emit pollutants which create harm to people and the environment.
The current state and federal incentives for solar can save up to 80% of your system cost. State rebates can drop every six months, so make your reservation now!
It is a proven technology with panels that are backed by a 25-year manufacturer warranty
Is Solar Right For Me?

Solar is right for most every home, depending on your motivation. Are you interested in solar purely for economic benefit? Are you concerned for our environment or the social responsibility of your business? Are you concerned for our environment or the future health of your family? Are you bothered by the fossil fuel situation and wish to declare your energy independence? All of these are great reasons to go solar! Below are a few limiting factors to getting the most out of your solar electric system:

Do you have a south-facing area of roof or land that can accommodate your solar system?
A south facing roof is going to provide the optimum potential for your system. Depending on your building orientation, other directions can also provide sufficient production; please consult us for these details.
Do you have unobstructed space available for your system?
Each kilowatt (kW) of solar contracted will cover approximately 100-150 sq. ft. of area. This can be a roof, parking structure, ground area, etc. If you do not have ample, unshaded, structurally sound area for solar, then your property may not be well-suited for solar.
Do you have any daytime shading issues on your south-facing space?
Trees, neighbors with larger buildings, vents, or other factor that cause shading throughout the day will cause significant decreases to your power production, therefore not making a suitable building for solar.
Will you need to repair or replace your roof in the next 5 years?
If so, then you may want to wait to add your solar system during that time, or consider re-roofing now to add your system.
Toll-free: 888-396-6611
Fax: 505-473-3830
Email: info@conergy.us
Headquarters:
2480 West 26th Avenue, Suite 2-B
Denver, CO 80211

Distribution Sales Group:
2480 West 26th Avenue, Suite 2-B
Denver, CO 80211

2000 Randolph Road SE, Suite 105
Albuquerque, NM 87106
Projects Group:
101 Lindenwood Drive, Suite 130
Malvern, PA 19355

3550 Watt Avenue, Suite 140 #4
Sacramento, CA 95821

SOLAR SERDAR
solarserdar@gmail.com

SOLAR SERDAR preporuča UGO d.o.o.(croatian text)

SOLAR SERDAR

preporuča solarni program firme UGO d.o.o. iz Crikvenice

Vakumski kolektori

Solarni kolektor 50*1800 – 20

MPC 4.700,00 kn




Solarni kolektor 50*1800 – 15

MPC 3.500,00 kn

Spremnici


Spremnik 200L

MPC 5.700,00 kn




Spremnik 150L

MPC 5.100,00 kn

Solarni sistemi (Voda)


Solar sistem 200L

MPC 14.714,24 kn



Solarni sistemi (Voda)

Solar sistem 300L

MPC 13.850,00 kn

Niskotlačni solarni sistem


Solarni sistem N-200L

MPC 3.800,00 kn



SECUterm 200 FS


Kolektor 1 x C32

Spremnik 200L


MPC 15.053,00 kn

Cijene obračunate po tečaju na dan 21.06.2010. i obračunavaju po tečaju na dan kupnje

Garncija na kolektore 10 godina, na spremnike 5 godina



Solar set voda

4 osobe


BWB 410 AD


Kolektor 2 x C32

Spremnik 300L


MPC 21.104,31 kn

Cijene obračunate po tečaju na dan 21.06.2010. i obračunavaju po tečaju na dan kupnje

Garncija na kolektore 10 godina, na spremnike 5 godina



Solar set voda + grijanje


SH 960 AD


Kolektor 4 x C20

Spremnik 700L


MPC 52.572,00 kn

Cijene obračunate po tečaju na dan 21.06.2010. i obračunavaju po tečaju na dan kupnje

Garncija na kolektore 10 godina, na spremnike 5 godina



WattSU 300L solarni sistem


2 x WATT 3000S pločasti kolektor


HT 300 ERR spremnik sa dvostrukim izmjenjivačem


Nosači (aluminijski) za krov


Tekućina 20L


ReSolWATT II kontroler


Ekspanzona posuda 18L


MPC 18.001,80 kn

Cijene obračunate po tečaju na dan 21.06.2010. i obračunavaju po tečaju na dan kupnje

Garncija na kolektore 10 godina, na spremnike 5 godina

Sjedište:

Ugo d.o.o.

Gornja Draga 42

51260 Crikvenica

MB: 3703657

OIB: 35541129347

Žiro- račun: 2402006-110039352



Solarna energija– alternativni izvori

Prodaja, montaža i servis

Poslovnica Rijeka

Adresa:

Mavrinci 19,

51219 Čavle

Tel/Fax: 051/250-047

Mob: 098/390-839

E-mail: ugo@ugo.hr





Zatražite ponudu koja će odgovarati Vašim potrebama kako bi Vaša potrošnja energije čim prije postala besplatna i ekološki učinkovita,a naše osoblje odgovoriti će Vam u što kraćem roku.
SOLAR SERDAR
solarserdar@gmail.com

SOLAR SERDAR - OBNOVLJIVA ENERGIJA

Turbine zauzimaju veliki dio zemljišta !?


Površina koju prosječna turbina zauzima je izuzetno mala - cca. 30 m2.
Površina na koju se turbine postavljaju su veoma često nepristupačna i nisu poljoprivredna zemljišta.
Zemljište između turbina može se bez ikakvog problema koristiti za poljoprivredu.
U mnogim zemljama vjetroparkovi su turistička atrakcija, te se prema stupnju uređenosti i čistoće mogu mjeriti sa nacionalnim parkovima.



Vjetroparkovi su nepopularni !?


Ispitivanja pokazuju upravo suprotno.
90% pučanstva u npr. Velikoj Britaniji vjeruje kako bi vlada trebala poduprijeti iskorištavanja obnovljivih izvora energije.
80% populacije podupire u Britaniji plan Vlade za drastičnim povećanjem broja vjetroturbina.
66% ispitanika odobrava izgradnju novih vjetroparkova u svojim područjima.

Turbine su opasne !?


Vjetroparkovi ne proizvode štetne plinove, zagađenja ili opasan otpad.
U proteklih 25 godine širom svijeta je instalirano preko 68,000 vjetroturbinskih generatora, i niti na jednoj se nije dogodila havarije opasna za zdravlje ljudi.
Postoje brojne studije koje odgovaraju na potvrđuju kako buka iz vjetroparkova nije štetna ili opasna za ljude.
Svaki vjetropark mora zadovoljiti po pitanju buke nivo koji je propisan temeljem zakona o zaštiti okoliša. Primjerice, nivo vibracije na udaljenosti 100 metara od turbine je za faktor 10 manji od onog koji je propisan za rad u modernim laboratorijima.



Zbog vjetroparka pada cijena kuća u blizini !?


Mnoge studije širom Europe dokazuju kako vjetroparkovi nemaju nikakav utjecaj na prosječnu cijenu kuća.
Nakon dvije godine rada vjetroparka cijena kuća se počinje naglo podizati.
Ankete pokazuju kako su oni koji žive blizu vjetroparkova njihovi najveći zagovaratelji.



Vjetroparkovi tjeraju turiste !?


Mnogi vjetroparkovi su turistička atrakcija.
Samo jedan vjetropark u Škotskoj (Scroby Sands) godišnje posjeti preko 30.000 turista.
90% ispitanih turista koji su posjetili taj Škotski vjetropark izjavilo je kako su bili veoma zadovoljni kako su iskoristili izlet.



Lopatice turbine opasne su za ptice !?


Vjetroparkovi se ne izgrađuju na mjestima gdje su migracijski putovi ptica.
Najveća opasnost za ptice i njihovu populacija su klimatske promjene.
Ne postoje činjenice da je i jedna vjetropark izazvala bilo koji veći štetan efekt po ptice, veći od neke zgrade ili npr. aerodroma.
Pri projektiranju i izgradnji vjetroparka sudjeluju i znanstvenici kojima se time omogućuju bolje razumijevanje ekologije ptica.



Vjetroparkovi proizvode malo energije !?


Samo jedna turbina snage 2 MW na dobroj lokaciji proizvodi dovoljno energije za opskrbu do 2000 domaćinstava.
Hrvatska uvozi između 20 i 30% električne energije.
Očekuje se kako će cijena električne energije dobivene iz vjetroparkova oko 2010. godine biti konkurentna električnoj energiji dobivenih iz drugih izvora.
Na prostorima poput npr. otoka, vjetroparkovi doprinose sigurnijoj opskrbi.
Na otocima vjetroparkovi se veoma efikasno mogu koristiti za desalinizaciju vode.
Predviđa se kako će glavni izvor za dobivanje goriva budućnosti (vodika) biti vjetar.



Energija iz vjetra ne doprinosi smanjenju klimatskih promjena !?


Proizvodnjom energije iz vjetra smanjuje se prizvodnja CO2.
Proizvodnjom od 10% električne energije iz obnovljivih oblika energije do 2010. smanjiti će drastično emisiju CO2.
Svaka dodatna proizvodnja električne energije iz obnovljivih izvora smanjuje potrošnju fosilnih goriva, čime se smanjuju onečišćenja.

Projekti izgradnje se provode bez odobrenja lokalne zajednice !?


Zakonom je strogo propisano kako se vjetroparkovi ne mogu izgrađivati bez odobrenja lokalne zajednice i u sklopu urbanističkog plana.
Svaki vjetropark mora zadovoljiti strogo propisane zakone i procedure vezane za zaštitu okoliša, prostorni plan i uređenje.
Za vjetropark veći od 50 MW dozvolu mora izdati Vlada.
Kod projektiranja vjetroparka mora se zadovoljiti i sačuvati prirodni okoliš.


Vjetroparkovi su u konačnici skuplji od drugih obnovljivih izvora !?


Vjetroparkovi su trenutno najekonomičnija tehnologija iskorištavanja obnovljivih izvora energije, u usporedbi sa solarnom, energijom valova i biomasom.
Vjetroparkovi predstavljaju tehnologiju koja trenutno ima najveću stopu rasta i to u proteklih nekoliko godina od oko 30%.
Danska trenutno zadovoljava oko 21% svoje potrošnje električne energije iz vjetroparkova, a planovi se do 2030 dostigne iznos od 50%.
Razvoj vjetroparkova u Danskoj doprinio je razvoju industrije koja proizvodi generatore i turbine, te danas ta industrija zapošljava preko 20.000 ljudi.
Danska industrija vjetrogeneratora 90% svoje proizvodnje izvozi.
SOLAR SERDAR
solarserdar@gmail.com

SOLAR SERDAR - CENTAR OBNOVLJIVIH IZVORA ENERGIJE

Solarni vakumski kolektor s vakumskim cijevima najnovije tehnologije omogućuje grijanje vode čak i tijekom zimskih mjeseci ili po potpuno oblačnom vremenu te predstavlja odličan izbor za grijanje tople vode u pasivnim kućama. Visoki vakum u vakumskim cijevima solarnog vakumskog kolektora čini solarni vakumski kolektor višestruko učinkovitijim od klasičnog kolektora. Konstrukcija solarnog vakumskog kolektora predstavlja najnoviju tehnologiju izrade vakumskih cijevi promjera 100mm i suhog spoja unutar kolektora. Solarni vakumski kolektor svojim učinkom nadmašuju sve ostale tipove kolektora čak i zimi. Najnovija 4. generacija solarnog vakumskog kolektora maksimalno je učinkovita tijekom cijele godine, ne samo tijekom ljetnih mjeseci.



Korištenjem tehnologije suhe grijačeg spoja unutar vakumske cijevi, solarni vakumski kolektor osigurava nam korištenje zagrijane tople vode čak i zimi, po oblačnim danima kad su drugi solarni kolektori neupotrebljivi.

Srce svakog solarnog vakumskog kolektora je staklena vakumska cijev. U njoj je namješteno pet osnovnih dijelova kojima je zadaća da absorbiraju solarno zračenje i pretvaraju ga u toplinu.Više na solarserdar@gmail.com.

Kondezator
Na vrhu Heta Pipe cijevi nalazi se kondezator koji se suhim spojem spaja s toplinskim kolektorom
Heat Pipe (toplinska cijev)
Heat Pipe je cijev koja se prostire po cijeloj duljini absorbera. To je toplinski element s visokim stupnjem toplinske vodljivosti 4000 – 8000 više od srebra, kovine koja najbolje prenosi toplinu. Toplina se iz absorbera prenosi na Heat Pipe u kojem se nalazi specijalan medij koji ima svojstvo da se može konstantno pretvarati iz plinovitog u tekuće stanje i obratno čak i pri nižim temperaturama. Kad se medij zagrije visoka temperatura putuje gore prema kondezatoru koji zagrijava vodu u toplinskom kolektoru, koji se nalazi na vrhu kolektora i u kojem su uronjene Heat Pipe cijevi.
Absorber
Izraden je iz čistog aluminija visoke kvalitete. Namijenjen je upijanju i prijenosu sunčeve energije. Apsorber je tretiran aluminij-nitridnim selektivnim premazom kako bi se postigla najviša učinkovitost prijenosa topline. Premaz se nanosi pomoću magnetske tehnike raspršivanja. Ovaj posebni optički premaz transformira više od 92% dolaznog zračenje u toplinu.
Staklena cijev
Izrađena je iz borosilikatnog stakla koji ima veliku otpornost na udarce i tuču. Niska količina željeza omogućava visoki postotak prolaska sunčevog zračenja kroz staklo.
Visoki vakum
Da bi se smanjio gubitak topline konvekcijom, staklene cijevi su evakuirane u vakuumu pod pritiskom <10-5 mbar. Solarni vakumski kolektori 4. generacije koriste patentiranu tehniku korištenja visoke temperature i pritiska da se osigura nepropustan spoj stakla na metal vakuumske brtve. Kako bi zadržali stabilnost vakuuma za dugi period koristi se barijev tzv. "živi oganj". Evakuiranjem zraka iz staklene cijevi apsorbera sav materijal i selektivni premaz su zaštićeni od korozije i drugih utjecaja okoline.

Apsorber i Heat Pipe cijevi su instalirani u visoko stabilnu borosilikatnu vakuumsku staklenu cijev. To spriječava oštećenje i gubitak topline koji se javlja u konvencionalnim solarnim kolektorima.Više na solarserdar@gmail.com.

Kako bi se osigurala visoka učinkovitost apsorpcije, a pogotovo za oblačnih dana. Absorber je tretiran aluminij-nitridnim selektivnim premazom.
Solarni vakumski kolektori absorbiraju veliki dio sunčeve energije pri niskom intezitetu svjetlosti, npr. Kod 200Wm2 kolektori ce lako osigurati 58% učinkovitosti i podignuti temperaturu medija preko 20°C iznad vanjske temperature.



Solarni vakumski kolektori odlikuju se dugotrajnim zadržavanjem topline. Solarni vakumski kolektori imaju cijevi koje su visokovakumirane te sprjecavaju gubitak topline iz cijevi. Emisijski gubici su minimalni. Vakumske cijevi su opremljene toplinskom diodom koja potpuno sprjecava povratak topline iz toplinskog kolektora nazad prema absorberu.

SOLAR SERDAR
CENTAR ALTERNATIVNIH IZVORA ENERGIJE
solarserdar@gmail.com

SOLAR SERDAR - HISTORY OF THE SOLAR INDUSTRY

SOLAR SERDAR
The history of the solar industry and SolarWorld are intermixed, each with one foot squarely positioned in the United States and the other in Germany – the two markets that have led the industry’s development. In the U.S., SolarWorld began as ARCO Solar. Siemens and Shell then owned the unit before SolarWorld bought it.

1954 – Bell Labs announces invention of the first modern silicon solar cells, with energyconversion efficiency of about 6 percent.

1955 – Western Electric licences commercial solar cell technologies.

1957 – AT&T employees Gerald L. Pearson, Daryl M. Chapin and Calvin S. Fuller receive patent US2780765, “Solar Energy Converting Apparatus.”

1958 – Hoffman Electronics- Semiconductor Division creates 9%-efficient solar cells. Vanguard 1, the first solar-powered satellite, is launched with .1 watt solar panel.

1960 – Hoffman Electronics creates a 14%-efficient solar cell.

1961 – United Nations stages “Solar Energy in the Developing World” conference.

1962 – The Telstar communications satellite is powered by solar cells.

1963 – Viable photovoltaic module is produced out of silicon solar cells.

1964 – Yale University Press publishes Farrington Daniels’ landmark book, “Direct Use of the Sun’s Energy.”

1967 – Soyuz 1 becomes first manned spacecraft using solar.

1973 – Solar cells power Skylab, the first U.S. space station.

1974 – A home in New Mexico is the world’s first to be powered only by solar and wind energy.

1977 – Engineer and entrepreneur Bill Yerkes sells startup Solar Technology International to Atlantic Richfield Co., forming ARCO Solar.

1979 – In Camarillo, Calif., ARCO Solar dedicates world’s largest PV factory to making silicon crystal ingots, wafers, photovoltaic cells and modules.

1980 – ARCO Solar becomes first company to produce more than 1 megawatt of PV modules in one year.

1982 – ARCO Solar commissions world’s first 1 MW grid-connected PV installation.

1985 – Australia’s University of New South Wales creates silicon cells with 20% efficiency in laboratory.

1990 – Siemens acquires ARCO Solar, forming Siemens Solar.

1996 – Siemens Solar celebrates 100 MW of installed power from modules made in Camarillo.

1997 – Siemens becomes first company to offer 25-year warranty.

1998 – SolarWorld forms as startup business, entering Germany’s burgeoning solar market.

1999 – Germany requires utilities to pay “feed-in tariffs” at fixed premium rates to owners of solar systems for power contributed into grid.

2002 – Royal Dutch Shell acquires Siemens Solar, creating Shell Solar.

2006 – SolarWorld aquires Shell Solar.

2007 – Investors begin offering free installation in return for long-term power purchase agreements (PPAs), which become common financing arrangements.

2008 – SolarWorld opens 480,000 square-foot plant in Hillsboro, investing $500 million to establish 500 MW of annual capacity and 1,000 employees there.
SOLAR SERDAR
solarserdar@gmail.com

SOLAR SERDAR preporuča BOSCH (croatian text)

SOLAR SERDAR
Solarna energija

Sunčeva energija usmjerena je budućnosti. Solarnim sustavom možete pružiti svoj doprinos zaštiti klime, te smanjiti troškove energije bez da se odreknete komfora. Moderan solarni sustav Bosch djelotvorno pretvara sunčevu energiju u toplinu grijanja i tople vode - i to ne samo kada sija sunce.

Bez obzira koji oblik energije danas koristite – solarni sustav za pripremu tople vode smisleno je prikladan za gotovo svako domaćinstvo. Radi li se o starogradnji ili novogradnji: solarni sustav može proširiti postojeći sustav grijanja ili sunčevom energijom optimirati novo rješenje grijanja. Solarni sustav Bosch može se, primjerice, izvanredno kombinirati s plinskim kondenzacijskim sustavom grijanja. Takav sustav radi izuzetno učinkovito.
Primjena

* okomita montaža na kosi i ravni krov

Energetska učinkovitost, -troškovi

* Posebice ekonomično zbog izvrsnog odnosa cijene i radnih karakteristika

Komfor rukovanja

* bez održavanja

Sustavna primjena

* Kombinacija s različitim uređajima za proizvodnju topline

Instalacija

* Jednostavna montaža uslijed standardiziranih utičnih priključaka
* Transportni uglovi za siguran transport na krov
* Dugotrajan, lagan i stabilan uslijed okvira od staklenih vlakana
* Prostorno štedljiv zahvaljujući kompaktnim izmjerama

Komfor
i privlačna cijena

Dokazana tehnika, dugotrajna prevlaka otporna na trošenje i dobre vrijednosti radnih karakteristika po privlačnoj cijeni ističu našu seriju Comfort Solar 5000 TF. Staklena vlakna, otporan i lagan materijal okvira, zajedno s apsorberom izrađenim u obliku trake, značajno smanjuje masu solarnog kolektora. Rezultat: izuzetno laka montaža i manje nosećeg tereta za Vaš krov.

Privlačan izgled
i uvjerljiva snaga.

Ime ovih kolektora predstavlja program: visokoselektivna plava prevlaka sjaji uz izvrsnu snagu i minimalno tolinsko zračenje. Okvir ojačan staklenim vlaknima uvjerljivo je kvalitetan s malenom masom. Zahvaljujući višestrukim mogućnostima priključka, Solar 7000 TF se jednostavno nosi i s teškim uvjetima. Visokokvalitetan priključni pribor i privlačan izgled upotpunjuju sliku: radi se o kolektoru za najviše zahtjeve!
* Maksimalan prijenos topline zbog bakrenog apsorbera preko cijele površine i geometrije apsorbera u obliku dvostrukog meandra
* Izvrsna snaga zbog pomoću visokoselektivne vakuumske prevlake Odgovarajući izgled i visokovrijedna priključna tehnika od nehrđajućeg čelika.
Energetska učinkovitost značajna je za zaštitu klime

Fosilna ili obnovljiva energija? Saznajte koje su razlike između različitih izvora energije. Jer, o tome koji izvor energije koristite u Vašem domu i koliko je pritom primijenjena tehnika učinkovita, ne utječe samo na Vaše izdatke, nego i na našu klimu. Posebno energetski učinkovitim rješenjima možete doprinijeti zaštiti klime, jer ćete njihovom primjenom smanjiti ispust štetnog stakleničkog plina CO2. Saznajte više o međusobnom odnosu emisije CO2 i klimatskih promjena, te kako na to možet utjecati svojim CO2-neutralnim sustavom grijanja.
Učinkovite primjene i rješenja za Vaš dom

Koje su Vam komponente potrebne za solarni sustav namijenjen proizvodnji topline? Gdje se instalira dizalica topline? Koliko prostora zahtijeva plinsko kondenzacijsko grijanje? Prolazom kroz našu energetski učinkovitu kuću možete pronaći odgovore na Vaša pitanja, kao i mnoštvo važnih informacija koje će Vam pomoći u odluci za učinkoviti sustav grijanja.
Odgovoran odnos prema prirodi i okolišu predstavlja značajan cilj poduzeća. Jer ako okoliš i klima ostanu nezaštićeni, razumije se da to šteti i budućnosti poduzeća kao što je Bosch. Stoga nismo usmjereni samo razvoju energetski učinkovitih, inovativnih i za okoliš prihvatljivih proizvoda za naše kupce, nego slijedimo također i načelo održivog
razvoja na svakom proizvodnom mjestu i u svim radnim procesima.
SOLAR SERDAR
solarserdar@gmail.com

SOLAR SERDAR - WIND TURBINE

SOLAR SERDAR - WIND TURBINE
In most locations, GENTLE winds (5-15 mph) are the most common, and strong winds are much more rare. As you'll see by examining our latest machines, our philosophy about designing wind turbines is to make large, sturdy machines that produce good power in low wind speeds, and are able to survive high wind events while still producing maximum power. The power available in the wind goes up by a factor of 8 as the windspeed doubles.
Other critical factors are rotor size and tower height. The power a wind turbine can harvest goes up by at least a factor of 4 as you double the rotor size. And making a tower higher gets you above turbulence for better performance and substially increased power output. Putting a wind turbine on a short tower is like mounting solar panels in the shade! More info at solarserdar@gmail.com.
Wind turbines are used to generate electricity from the kinetic power of the wind. Historical they were more frequently used as a mechanical device to turn machinery. There are two main kinds of wind generators, those with a vertical axis, and those with a horizontal axis. Wind turbines can be used to generate large amounts of electricity in wind farms both onshore and offshore.
How much electricity is produced?
The newer turbines expanded the capacity of the Buffalo Mountain site to 29 megawatts of generation, or enough to power about 3,780 homes. They are about 260 feet tall, and the blades are 135 feet long. They have a capacity of 1.8 megawatts each. The three original turbines, with a capacity of 660 kilowatts each, are 213 feet tall, and their blades are 75 feet long. Generally, the higher the tower, the better the access to the wind.

How is wind energy generated?
A turbine and switchgear are mounted at the top of each tower in a casing called a nacelle, and blades are attached to the turbine. The turbines use moving air to produce power by transferring the wind’s momentum to the rotor blades and localizing that energy in a single rotating shaft. The larger turbines rotate at about 15 revolutions per minute. Transformers in the nacelles step up the power to 35 kilovolts (kV), and it’s stepped up again to 161 kV at the substation located on the mountain. The substation connects to an existing TVA transmission line. The three smaller turbines are connected to the TVA system through a partnership arrangement with Clinton Utilities Board.More info at solarserdar@gmail.com.

Do wind turbines produce electricity all the time?
Energy is generated when the wind speed reaches about 10 miles per hour, and a speed of 25 miles per hour allows the turbines to generate at their rated capacity. They shut down when the wind exceeds 55 miles per hour. Although wind speed varies according to the time of day, season, height above ground, and terrain, the proper placement of a wind turbine in a breezy location away from large obstructions enhances its performance.

Are the wind turbines noisy?
Large modern turbines are very quiet. At distances of more than 650 feet, the swishing sound of the rotor blades is usually masked completely by wind noise in the leaves of trees or shrubs. The turbine sites will be distant enough from neighbors so that people won’t hear any sound at all unless they’re standing close to the towers.

Will the turbines interfere with radio and TV signals?
No. In fact, some turbines even double as communications towers — for cellular phone transmitters, among other things. The turbine blades are made not of metal but of glass-reinforced epoxy (a material similar to fiberglass), and the turbines are equipped with asynchronous (brushless) generators that don’t create any electrical disturbance. For these reasons the turbines that will be used in the green power program will cause no electromagnetic interference and won’t disrupt radio or television signals.
SOLAR SERDAR
solarserdar@gmail.com