Saturday, November 20, 2010

SOLAR SERDAR promote IREDA





CROATIAN CENTER of RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES promote IREDA 

 Renewable Energy in India Energy is a basic requirement for economic development. Every sector of the national economy – agriculture, industry, transport, commercial and domestic – needs inputs of energy. The economic development plans implemented since independence have necessarily required increasing amounts of energy. As a result, consumption of energy in all forms has been steadily rising all over the country. The growing consumption of energy has also resulted in the country becoming increasingly dependent on fossil fuels such as coal and oil and gas. Rising prices of oil and gas and potential shortages in future lead to concerns about the security of energy supply, which is needed to sustain our economic growth. Increased use of fossil fuels also causes environmental problems both on local and global scales. In this background, there is urgent need for the country to develop a sustainable path of energy development. Promotion of energy conservation and increased use of renewable energy sources are the twin planks of sustainable energy. The Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources has been implementing comprehensive programmes for the development and utilisation of various renewable energy sources in the country. As a result of efforts made during the past quarter century, a number of technologies and devices have been developed and have become commercially available. As against the estimated 80000 MW renewable energy based grid connected power generation potential in the country, so far only about 6000 MW installed capacity has been realized, giving vast opportunity for exploitation of renewable energy sources for power generation. The renewable energy based power generation capacity presently constitutes 5% of the total installed capacity in the country for power generation from all sources. The country is aiming to achieve upto 10% of additional installed capacity to be set up till 2012 to come from renewable energy sources. Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Ltd Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited (IREDA) was established on 11th March, 1987 as a Public limited Government Company under the Companies Act, 1956 and it promotes, develops and extends financial assistance for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency/Conservation Projects. IREDA has been notified as a “Public Financial Institution” under section 4 ‘A’ of the Companies Act, 1956 and registered as Non-Banking Financial Company (NFBC) with Reserve Bank of India (RBI). IREDA’s mission is “Be a pioneering, participant friendly and competitive institution for financing and promoting self-sustaining investment in energy generation from Renewable Sources, Energy Efficiency and Environmental Technologies for sustainable development.” IREDA’s Motto is “Energy for Ever.” The main objectives of IREDA are : To give financial support to specific projects and schemes for generating electricity and / or energy through new and renewable sources and conserving energy through energy efficiency. To maintain its position as a leading organization to provide efficient and effective financing in renewable energy and energy efficiency / conservation projects. To increase IREDA`s share in the renewable energy sector by way of innovative financing. Improvement in the efficiency of services provided to customers through continual improvement of systems, processes and resources. To strive to be competitive institution through customer satisfaction. QUALITY POLICY IREDA is committed to maintain its position as a leading organization to provide innovative financing in Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency/Conservation and Environmental Technologies through efficient system & processes for providing total satisfaction and transparency to its customers. IREDA shall strive for continual improvement in the quality of services to its customers through effective quality management system. QUALITY OBJECTIVES i. Drive towards total customer satisfaction. ii. Continual upgradation of capability and improvement in the professional skills of employees. iii. Improvement in efficiency of services provided to customers. iv. Continual improvement of systems, process and services. All concerned shall implement the Quality Policy & Quality Objectives with full devotion & dedication to achieve IREDA’s Mission. More info at http://solarserdar.wordpress.com/ IREDA has many projects in RENEWABLE ENERGY BACKGROUND IREDA has launched the Renewable Energy-Energy Efficiency Umbrella Financing Scheme for those organisations who have good existing network to serve individual/retail customers who do not fulfil IREDA’s legal eligibility criteria and are scattered over large rural/semi-urban areas. OBJECTIVES 1. To supplement IREDA’s current lending operations by spreading the customers/user base through the development of an appropriate Micro financing Network. 2. To facilitate the Micro Lending capabilities of IREDA. ELIGIBILITY State Financial Corporations (SFCs), Industrial Development Corporations (IDCs), Technical Consultancy Organisations (TCOs), Non Banking Financing Companies (NBFCs), State Nodal Agencies (SNAs), Business Development Associates (BDAs) , Scheduled banks and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) which are otherwise legally eligible to borrow from IREDA and fulfil the other eligibility norms detailed in Financing guidelines. LENDING TERMS AND CONDITIONS Line of credit : Minimum Rs. 25.00 lakhs and maximum Rs. 1 crore. PROCEDURE FOR APPLICATION The eligible applicant will submit an application in the prescribed format of IREDA along with business plan and other enclosures. Applications for a line of credit will be appraised based upon the criteria prescribed by IREDA. IREDA will review application and sanction the line of credit based on the qualification criteria: or reject the application, if not found suitable. CONCESSUIONS/REBATE/PROVISIONS 1. Front end Fee, Inspection charges, Legal charges (other than incurred for recovery), expenditure on Nominee Directors are not applicable to this scheme. 2. Please refer to IREDA’s Financing Guidelines for further details. DISBURSEMENT 1. IREDA will disburse 50% of the line of credit as Mobilisation advance after signing of Loan Agreement and creation of security. 2. Balance 50% will be disbursed after evidence of proper utilisation of Mobilisation Advance already released. ON-LENDING TERMS AND CONDITIONS To be decided by the Borrower SPECIAL CONDITIONS If the borrower conducts no business (submits no evidence of utilisation of mobilisation advance to IREDA) within a period of 12 months from the date of disbursement of mobilisation advance, then the line of credit sanctioned would automatically be cancelled. In that event, Mobilisation advance drawn from IREDA along with interest shall be refunded within 30 days of expiry of said one year.More info at http://solarserdar.blogspot.com/ Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited (A Government of India Enterprise) Corporate Office 3rd Floor, August Kranti Bhawan, Bhikaiji Cama Place, New Delhi – 110 066. Tel: +91 11 26717400 - 26717413 Fax: +91 11 26717416 Email: cmd@ireda.in Registered Office India Habitat Centre, East Court Core-4A, 1st Floor, Lodhi Road New Delhi - 11 00 03 Debashish Majumdar Chairman and Managing Director Tel. (O:) +91 11 26717414 / 26717415 Extn. 113 Fax : +91 11 26717416 S. P. Reddi Director (Finance) Tel. (O:) +91 11 26717417 Fax : +91 11 26717418 Extn. 136 K. S. Popli Director (Technical) Tel. (O:) +91 11 26717419 Fax : +91 11 26717420 Extn. 130 Abdul Aziz Khatana Chief General Manager ( Technical Services) Tel. (O:) +91 11 26717421 Extn. 105 B. Venkateswara Rao General Manager (Technical Services) Tel. (O:) +91 11 26717422 Extn. 301 B. M. Chauhan General Manager (Technical Services) Tel. (O:) +91 11 26717424 Extn. 356 S. K. Bhargava General Manager (F & A) & Company Secretary Tel. (O:) +91 11 26717425 Extn. 115 Abhilakh Singh Deputy General Manager (TS) Tel. (O:) +91 11 26717428 Extn. 223 S. M. Bhajantri Assistant General Manager (HR) Tel. (O:) +91 11 26717435 Extn. 270 
  CROATIAN CENTER of  RENEWABLE ENERGY (CCRES) 
 Željko Serdar Head of business association solarserdar@gmail.com www.solar-serdar.com

Friday, November 19, 2010

SOLAR serdar
RENEWABLE ENERGY CENTER SOLAR SERDAR
recommends
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY ASSOCIATION

About GEA
The Geothermal Energy Association is a trade association composed of U.S. companies who support the expanded use of geothermal energy and are developing geothermal Resources worldwide for electrical power generation and direct-heat uses.

Our members have offices or operations in many states and in numerous countries throughout the world.

To accomplish this, the GEA advocates for public policies that will promote the development and utilization of geothermal Resources, provides a forum for the industry to discuss issues and problems, encourages research and development to improve geothermal technologies, presents industry views to governmental organizations, provides assistance for the export of geothermal goods and services, compiles statistical data about the geothermal industry, and conducts education and outreach projects. More info at http://solarserdar.blogspot.com/.

1. Tax Incentives to Promote Industry Growth

Eliminate the construction deadline for the payment in lieu of tax credit grant program and extend its duration.
Extend the geothermal tax credits for at least six years to address the long development time-frame for geothermal projects and the need to build the supporting infrastructure for new projects and technology.

Extend the current PTC/ITC/ITC-Grant provisions for geothermal projects placed in service by 2016.
Extend the current PTC/ITC/ITC-Grant provisions to geothermal exploratory drilling.
2. Transmission

Work with collaborative state and regional efforts to ensure transmission networks and policies support new geothermal development.
Work collaboratively with other renewable groups to support policies and initiatives to promote needed transmission.
3. Leasing and Permitting Delays Challenge Geothermal Development

Seek oversight of delays facing geothermal development.
Engage in constructive efforts to streamline NEPA processing at the state, federal and local level.
4. New Federal Initiatives are Needed to Support Exploratory Geothermal Drilling

Extend the 30% ITC and ITC Grant to Exploratory Drilling.
Provide $200 million to DOE to fund all ARRA drilling applications.
Provide $500 million for a new Revolving Loan Fund to promote exploratory drilling and mapping of the nation's geothermal resource base.
Additional Priority Issues

Support long-term robust funding for DOE's geothermal technologies program that addresses the full spectrum of geothermal technologies and needs.
Support DOE/FERC and state transmission efforts.
Engage in the creation of strong state and national renewable electricity standards.
Support restoration of county share of geothermal royalties and long-term extension of BLM program's geothermal trust fund.More info at http://solarserdar.wordpress.com/

Geothermal Energy Expo 2010 Conference and Expo,October 24-27, 2010
Sacramento Convention Center
Sacramento, CA
Every year, the Geothermal Energy Expo® hosts the world's largest gathering of vendors providing support for geothermal resource exploration, characterization, development, production and management. It provides a unique opportunity for exhibitors to showcase their projects, equipment, services and state of the art technology to the geothermal community.

More than 2,500 attendees from 42 different states and 13 different countries came together in Sacramento for the 34th annual Geothermal Energy Expo, the largest gathering of geothermal energy leaders in the world. The sold out Expo Hall featured 162 exhibitors coming from 34 different states and 10 different countries. L eading companies including Halliburton, Ormat, Stoel Rives LLP, Shaw, Calpine, Geothermal Resource Group, Mitsubishi Power Systems, Enel Green Power, Gradient Resource, Power Engineers, Ruen Drilling Incorporated and Ram Power Corp were in attendance.

Congratulations to the Best in Show winners for 2011:
TNG Energy Services-- Best Creative Giveaway
ThermaSource-- Best In Show Audience Choice
Matrix Chemical Solutions-- Best in Show Small Booth
BM Holding-- Best in Show Large Booth


“The strong growth of the geothermal industry is clearly reflected in this expo, which continues to bring more and more people to see the promise that clean and renewable geothermal power presents.” said GEA Executive Director Karl Gawell. “It’s not just here at home. The U.S. is the leader in geothermal power, and other countries look to America for its expertise. That’s why we had representatives from across the globe at this year’s expo.”More info at http://solarserdar.blogspot.com/

With new geothermal power projects in progress in fifteen states from the Pacific to the Gulf Coast, the Geothermal Energy Expo has been rapidly expanding, with the number of exhibitors more than doubling since 2008. The 2010 expo showcased projects, equipment, services, and state of the art technology from exhibitors both international and domestic. The expo also brought new talent to the industry, with a virtual job fair connecting new applicants with the industry’s leading companies and complimentary admission available to college students.

Office Location
Geothermal Energy Association209 Pennsylvania Avenue SE,
Washington, DC 20003
Staff
Executive Director
Karl Gawell
Phone: (202) 454-5264
Email: karl@geo-energy.org

Business and Special Projects Manager
Mihaela-Daniela Stratulat
Phone: (202) 454-5291
Email: daniela@geo-energy.org

Director of Outreach & Senior Editor
Leslie Blodgett
Phone: (202) 454-5241
Email: leslie@geo-energy.org

Marketing and Events Manager
Kathy Kent
Phone: (202) 454-5263
Email: kathy@geo-energy.org

Western States Representative
John McCaull
Email: john@geo-energy.org

Research Associate
Dan Jennejohn
Email: danj@geo-energy.org

Assistant to the Executive Director
Alison Holm
Phone: (202) 454-5256
Email: alison@geo-energy.org

Renewable Energy Center
SOLAR SERDAR
Željko Serdar
Head of business association
solarserdar@gmail.com
www.solar-serdar.com

RENEWABLE ENERGY CENTER SOLAR SERDAR recommends GEOTHERMAL ENERGY ASSOCIATION


SOLAR serdar
RENEWABLE ENERGY CENTER SOLAR SERDAR
recommends
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY ASSOCIATION

About GEA
The Geothermal Energy Association is a trade association composed of U.S. companies who support the expanded use of geothermal energy and are developing geothermal Resources worldwide for electrical power generation and direct-heat uses.

Our members have offices or operations in many states and in numerous countries throughout the world.

To accomplish this, the GEA advocates for public policies that will promote the development and utilization of geothermal Resources, provides a forum for the industry to discuss issues and problems, encourages research and development to improve geothermal technologies, presents industry views to governmental organizations, provides assistance for the export of geothermal goods and services, compiles statistical data about the geothermal industry, and conducts education and outreach projects. More info at http://solarserdar.blogspot.com/.

1. Tax Incentives to Promote Industry Growth

Eliminate the construction deadline for the payment in lieu of tax credit grant program and extend its duration.
Extend the geothermal tax credits for at least six years to address the long development time-frame for geothermal projects and the need to build the supporting infrastructure for new projects and technology.

Extend the current PTC/ITC/ITC-Grant provisions for geothermal projects placed in service by 2016.
Extend the current PTC/ITC/ITC-Grant provisions to geothermal exploratory drilling.
2. Transmission

Work with collaborative state and regional efforts to ensure transmission networks and policies support new geothermal development.
Work collaboratively with other renewable groups to support policies and initiatives to promote needed transmission.
3. Leasing and Permitting Delays Challenge Geothermal Development

Seek oversight of delays facing geothermal development.
Engage in constructive efforts to streamline NEPA processing at the state, federal and local level.
4. New Federal Initiatives are Needed to Support Exploratory Geothermal Drilling

Extend the 30% ITC and ITC Grant to Exploratory Drilling.
Provide $200 million to DOE to fund all ARRA drilling applications.
Provide $500 million for a new Revolving Loan Fund to promote exploratory drilling and mapping of the nation's geothermal resource base.
Additional Priority Issues

Support long-term robust funding for DOE's geothermal technologies program that addresses the full spectrum of geothermal technologies and needs.
Support DOE/FERC and state transmission efforts.
Engage in the creation of strong state and national renewable electricity standards.
Support restoration of county share of geothermal royalties and long-term extension of BLM program's geothermal trust fund.More info at http://solarserdar.wordpress.com/

Geothermal Energy Expo 2010 Conference and Expo,October 24-27, 2010
Sacramento Convention Center
Sacramento, CA
Every year, the Geothermal Energy Expo® hosts the world's largest gathering of vendors providing support for geothermal resource exploration, characterization, development, production and management. It provides a unique opportunity for exhibitors to showcase their projects, equipment, services and state of the art technology to the geothermal community.

More than 2,500 attendees from 42 different states and 13 different countries came together in Sacramento for the 34th annual Geothermal Energy Expo, the largest gathering of geothermal energy leaders in the world. The sold out Expo Hall featured 162 exhibitors coming from 34 different states and 10 different countries. L eading companies including Halliburton, Ormat, Stoel Rives LLP, Shaw, Calpine, Geothermal Resource Group, Mitsubishi Power Systems, Enel Green Power, Gradient Resource, Power Engineers, Ruen Drilling Incorporated and Ram Power Corp were in attendance.

Congratulations to the Best in Show winners for 2011:
TNG Energy Services-- Best Creative Giveaway
ThermaSource-- Best In Show Audience Choice
Matrix Chemical Solutions-- Best in Show Small Booth
BM Holding-- Best in Show Large Booth


“The strong growth of the geothermal industry is clearly reflected in this expo, which continues to bring more and more people to see the promise that clean and renewable geothermal power presents.” said GEA Executive Director Karl Gawell. “It’s not just here at home. The U.S. is the leader in geothermal power, and other countries look to America for its expertise. That’s why we had representatives from across the globe at this year’s expo.”More info at http://solarserdar.blogspot.com/

With new geothermal power projects in progress in fifteen states from the Pacific to the Gulf Coast, the Geothermal Energy Expo has been rapidly expanding, with the number of exhibitors more than doubling since 2008. The 2010 expo showcased projects, equipment, services, and state of the art technology from exhibitors both international and domestic. The expo also brought new talent to the industry, with a virtual job fair connecting new applicants with the industry’s leading companies and complimentary admission available to college students.

Office Location
Geothermal Energy Association209 Pennsylvania Avenue SE,
Washington, DC 20003
Staff
Executive Director
Karl Gawell
Phone: (202) 454-5264
Email: karl@geo-energy.org

Business and Special Projects Manager
Mihaela-Daniela Stratulat
Phone: (202) 454-5291
Email: daniela@geo-energy.org

Director of Outreach & Senior Editor
Leslie Blodgett
Phone: (202) 454-5241
Email: leslie@geo-energy.org

Marketing and Events Manager
Kathy Kent
Phone: (202) 454-5263
Email: kathy@geo-energy.org

Western States Representative
John McCaull
Email: john@geo-energy.org

Research Associate
Dan Jennejohn
Email: danj@geo-energy.org

Assistant to the Executive Director
Alison Holm
Phone: (202) 454-5256
Email: alison@geo-energy.org

Renewable Energy Center
SOLAR SERDAR
Željko Serdar
Head of business association
solarserdar@gmail.com
www.solar-serdar.com

SOLAR serdar



Need for renewable energy resources


It is now certain that the current energy systems and technological advancements available in the world are not sufficient to make the planet free from the carbon dioxide that is emitted from those resources. To solve this problem, there is a scope to build new technologies and to bring the existing technologies together to get maximum benefit from the entire energy system including energy production, transformation, to energy transportation and distribution. Work in this direction will have to be taken at both macro and micro level.

Need for renewable energy resources
The world will have to switch to renewable energy resources very fast, because despite the availability of renewable energy resources, a large part of the world is still dependent on traditional energy sources such as coal and gas. This over-dependence of these traditional resources will lead to a situation where by the end of 21st century, resources like coal and gas will become extinct from the world. Thus, continuous efforts need to be made to switch over to renewable energy resources. This switch can help many countries make a successful environment policy and reduce the consumption of imported oil and gas.

Use of energy resources with low carbon at macro level
If Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy is to be believed, by the year 2050, the world will be in a position to use sources of energy with very low or no carbon emissions. The global energy system with low emissions will now have to use this new energy system in such a way that the cost of using these resources is also reduced.

The Risø energy report 9 gives a list of a number of energy technologies that will be commercially available for use in times to come. These technologies with no emission of greenhouse gases will help in reducing pollution.

The Risø energy reports, which have been prepared by the joint efforts of Danish and international experts look at energy issues of today and tomorrow from the perspective of the needs of Danish people, the region and the world. These reports are monitored by an independent panel of international experts and are based on scientific material that is internationally recognized.More info at http://solarserdar.blogspot.com.

Use of energy resources with low carbon at micro level
The new technologies in energy sources have to reach the end user. The producer should keep in mind what the users want at the local level and make technological advancements in the goods being used by the common person on a more regular basis. New technologies are being used in items like electronic equipment, heat pumps, local energy supplies such as solar cells and energy storage that people use on a daily basis.

Use of renewable energy resources in Denmark
In countries like Denmark, there is a strong need to start encouraging renewable energy systems right away. This will have several advantages like,

It will help to eliminate traditional fuel like gas and oil at a very fast pace
It will reduce the emission of greenhouse gases
It will help to stop the use of traditional fuel in generating power and heat production by the year 2040.
It will help to eliminate the use of gas and oil in the transport sector in Denmark by 2050.More info at HTTP://solarserdar.wordpress.com.

There is a need to invest and take maximum advantage of the developments taking place in renewable energy sector. If we do not invest in this sector and make use of the opportunities given to us, it is likely that the scarcity of traditional resources will put so much pressure on the generations to come that they will never be able to bear.

SOLAR SERDAR

Thursday, November 18, 2010

RENEWABLE ENERGY CENTER SOLAR SERDAR promote GREEN PRODUCT - BIOMASS (croatian text)


SOLAR serdar
RENEWABLE ENERGY CENTER SOLAR SERDAR
promote
GREEN PRODUCT - BIOMASS

Biomasa (eng. biomass, njem. Biomasse) je u raznim izvornicima različito određena, ali se kao osnovna može navesti odrednica prema Uredbi o graničnim vrijednostima emisije onečišćujućih tvari u zrak iz stacionarnih izvora (NN 140/97): ‘Biomasa je gorivo koje se dobiva od biljaka ili dijelova biljaka kao što su drvo, slama, stabljike žitarica, ljušture itd.'

Biomasa je obnovljivi izvor energije, a općenito se može podijeliti na drvnu, nedrvnu i životinjski otpad, unutar čega se mogu razlikovati:

drvna biomasa (ostaci iz šumarstva, otpadno drvo)
drvna uzgojena biomasa (brzorastuće drveće)
nedrvna uzgojena biomasa (brzorastuće alge i trave)
ostaci i otpaci iz poljoprivrede
životinjski otpad i ostaci.
Danas se primjena biomase za proizvodnju energije potiče uvažavajući načelo održivog razvoja. Najčešće se koristi drvna masa koja je nastala kao sporedni proizvod ili otpad te ostaci koji se ne mogu više iskoristiti. Takva se biomasa koristi kao gorivo u postrojenjima za proizvodnju električne i toplinske energije ili se prerađuje u plinovita i tekuća goriva za primjenu u vozilima i kućanstvima. Postoje razne procjene potencijala i uloge biomase u globalnoj energetskoj politici u budućnosti, no u svim se scenarijima predviđa njezin značajan porast i bitno važnija uloga .Za usporedbu može poslužiti podatak kako je 1990. godine potrošnja energije u svijetu iznosila 376,8 EJ, a 2050. godine se prema raznim scenarijima očekuje potrošnja od 586 do 837 EJ.
Više informacija na www.solar-serdar.com

BIODIZEL
Metilni ester repičinog ulja , poznatiji pod trgovačkim nazivom biodizel, dobiva se od ulja uljane repice ili recikliranog otpadnog jestivog ulja. Kemijski se opisuje kao monoalkoholni ester. Kroz proces esterifikacije, biljno ulje reagira s metanolom i natrijevim hidroksidom kao katalizatorom te nastaje ester masnih kiselina zajedno s ostalim nusproduktima: glicerolom, gliceridskim talogom i sapunom. Biodizel pripada skupini derivata srednje dugih, C 16 - C 18 lančanih masnih kiselina. Te molekule pokazuju strukturnu sličnost s molekulama mineralnog dizelskog goriva.

Biodizel je gorivo za motorna vozila koje se dobiva od repičinog ulja ili drugih biljnih ulja esterifikacijom s metanolom. Pri tome nastaje gorivo koje ima svojstva jednaka onima klasičnog dizela iz mineralnog ulja. Može se koristiti u potpunosti kao zamjena za mineralni dizel ili kao smjesa s njim u različitim omjerima. Visoka mazivost biodizela u usporedbi s mineralnim uzrokuje manje trošenje klipova, brtvenih prstenova, stijenki cilindara i preciznih dijelova crpke za ubrizgavanje. Pri primjeni ponajviše treba na umu imati sljedeća osnovna svojstva:

biodizel se može primijeniti gotovo u svakom dizelskom motoru, pri čemu za sam pogon vozilo ne zahtijeva nikakve izmjene
cijevi za gorivo i za povrat goriva iz crpke te brtve koje dolaze u dodir s gorivom treba zamijeniti materijalima prikladnima za biodizel kao što je fluor-kaučuk (trgovački naziv Viton), poznat i kao FPM-ECO-ECO, jer agensi u biodizelu, pogotovo pri povišenoj temperaturi, u roku od 6 do 10 mjeseci mogu uzrokovati propuštanje cijevi
biodizel je agresivan prema laku za karoserije pa pri ulijevanju goriva treba odmah obrisati poškropljene površine
ako se prethodno koristilo samo konvencionalno dizelsko gorivo, nakon prvih 1 do 2 punjenja spremnika biodizelom valja zamijeniti filtar za gorivo, zbog toga što biodizel može otopiti nečistoće zadržane u njemu
u pojedinim slučajevima može doći do razrjeđivanja motornog ulja i to kada je motor dulje vrijeme bio vožen samo s malim opterećenjem jer kao i kod konvencionalnog dizela, dolazi do prodora neizgorenog goriva u motorno ulje te slijedi razrjeđivanje, a tada treba skratiti rokove za izmjenu ulja koje proizvođač inače preporučuje
moguće je smanjenje snage motora za 3 do 5%, što povlači i proporcionalni porast potrošnje goriva
biodizel je bez aditiva zimi prikladan za primjenu na temperaturama ne nižima od -8 °C.
Više informacija na http://solarserdar.blogspot.com/

BIOPLIN
Bioplin (eng. biogas, njem. Biogas) nastaje procesom anaerobnog truljenja biomase i najčešće se sastoji od oko 60% metana, 35% CO 2 te 5% smjese vodika, dušika, amonijaka, sumporovodika, CO, kisika i vodene pare. Dobiveni se bioplin najčešće koristi za dobivanje toplinske i/ili električne energije izgaranjem u kotlovima, plinskim motorima ili turbinama.

Njegova su svojstva kao goriva u uskoj vezi s udjelom metana. Ogrjevna je vrijednost izravno proporcionalna količini metana, a zbog ugljičnog dioksida manja je količina zraka potrebnog za izgaranje. Ogrjevna vrijednost bioplina kreće se od 25 do 26 MJ/m 3 normnom. Više informacija na http://solarserdar.wordpress.com/

ALKOHOLNA GORIVA
Etanol se može proizvoditi od tri osnovne vrste biomase:

šećera (od šećerne trske, melase)
škroba (od kukuruza)
celuloze (od drva, poljoprivrednih ostataka).
Sirovine bogate šećerima vrlo su pogodne za proizvodnju etanola, budući da već sadržavaju jednostavne šećere glukozu i fruktozu koji mogu fermentirati izravno u etanol. Sirovine bogate škrobom sadržavaju velike molekule ugljikovodika koje treba razložiti na jednostavne šećere procesom saharifikacije. To zahtijeva još jednu fazu u procesu proizvodnje što povećava troškove. Ugljikovodici u sirovinama bogatim celulozom sastavljeni su od još većih molekula i trebaju se konvertirati u šećere koji mogu fermentirati kiselom ili enzimatskom hidrolizom. Najznačajnije biljne vrste koje se uzgajaju za proizvodnju etanola su šećerna trska, slatki sirak, cassava i kukuruz.

Osnovne faze u procesu proizvodnje etanola su:

priprema sirovine
fermentacija
destilacija etanola.
Priprema sirovine je zapravo hidroliza molekula škroba enzimima u šećer koji može fermentirati. Uobičajena tehnologija za proizvodnju etanola je fermentacija u peći s običnim kvascem za proizvodnju 8 do 10%-tnog alkohola nakon 24 do 72 h fermentacije. Nakon toga slijedi destilacija tog alkohola u nekoliko faza čime se dobiva 95%-tni etanol. Za proizvodnju posve čistog etanola, kakav se koristi za miješanje s benzinom, dodaje se benzen i nastavlja destilacija te se dobiva 99,8%-tni etanol.

Vodeća zemlja u proizvodnji i primjeni etanola za vozila je Brazil, u kojem se svake godine proizvede više od 15 milijardi l. Oko 15% brazilskih vozila se kreće na čisti etanol, dok preostala koriste 20%-tnu smjesu s benzinom. Etanol se počeo proizvoditi kako bi se smanjila brazilska ovisnost o inozemnoj nafti i otvorilo dodatno tržište domaćim proizvođačima šećera. U SAD-u etanolske smejse čine oko 9% ukupne godišnje prodaje benzina i pretpostavlja se kako su američka vozila od 1979. godine do danas prešla približno 3 trilijuna km koristeći etanolske smjese.
Za proizvodnju metanola mogu se koristiti sirovine s visokim udjelom celuloze kao što je drvo i neki ostaci iz poljoprivrede. Tehnologija je posve različita od one za proizvodnju etanola. Proizvodnja se odvija u dvije faze. U prvoj se sirovina konvertira u plinoviti međuproizvod iz kojeg se sintetizira metanol. Faza sinteze metanola je dobro poznata i komercijalno dokazana, dok je faza rasplinjavanja još u razvoju. Takva istraživanja se provode u zemljama s velikim drvnim potencijalom kao što su Švedska i Brazil, a primjena takvih postrojenja se očekuje uskoro.

Po mnogim su svojstvima etanol i metanol vrlo slični benzinu. Etanol se može koristiti u motorima s unutarnjim izgaranjem uz dodavanje benzinu ili kao njegova potpuna zamjena. Za dodavanje do 20% etanola u benzin nisu potrebne nikakve preinake ni zahvati na motoru, dok za dodavanje većeg udjela ili za pogon samo na etanol treba djelomično modificirati motor što poskupljuje cijenu takvih vozila za oko 5 do 10%. Slično kao etanol, metanol se može koristiti kao dodatak benzinu ili kao posebno gorivo. Zbog ponešto drukčijeg načina izgaranja nego benzin mogu se pojaviti određene poteškoće koje se rješavaju dodavanjem određenih dodataka. Više informacija na http://solarserdarblogspot.com/

DRVNA MASA
Osnovne su značajke pri primjeni šumske ili drvne biomase kao energenta jednake kao kod svakog goriva:

kemijski sastav
ogrjevna vrijednost (ogrjevnost)
temperatura samozapaljenja
temperatura izgaranja
fizikalna svojstva koja utječu na ogrjevnost (npr. gustoća, mokrina i dr).
Temeljna veličina za proračun energije iz određene količine drva jest njegova ogrjevnost (ogrjevna vrijednost). Najveći utjecaj na nju ima mokrina (vlažnost, udio vlage), potom kemijski sastav, gustoća i zdravost drva. Za naše podneblje i vrste drveća važno je za njegovu ogrjevnost utvrditi ubraja li se ono u listače ili četinjače, odnosno u meko ili tvrdo drvo, jer je udio pojedinih sastojaka pri tome različit, a različita je i tvar koja se može koristiti kao gorivo.

Jedan od problema koji se pojavljuje pri određivanju toplinske energije dobivene iz šumske biomase predstavlja pretvorba prostornih u kubične metre. Više informacija na www.solar-serdar.com

NEDRVNA MASA
Na ogrjevne vrijednosti nedrvne biomase podjednako utječu udio vlage i pepela. Udio pepela u nedrvenim biljnim ostacima može iznositi i do 20% pa značajno utječe na ogrjevnost. Općenito, supstance koje čine pepeo nemaju nikakvu energetsku vrijednost.

Osim ostale nedrvne biomase, u Hrvatskoj bi osobitu važnost mogli imati ostaci žitarica. Iskustva iz razvijenih zemalja, u Europi osobito Danske, pokazuju kako se radi o vrijednom izvoru energije koji se ne bi trebao zanemariti. Ilustrativan je stoga sljedeći primjer. Nakon berbe kukuruza na obrađenom zemljištu ostaje kukuruzovina, stablijika s lišćem, oklasak i komušina. Budući da je prosječni odnos zrna i mase (tzv. žetveni omjer) 53% : 47%, proizlazi kako biomase približno ima koliko i zrna. Ako se razluče kukuruzovina i oklasak, tada je njihov odnos prosječno 82% : 18%, odnosno na proizvedenu 1 t zrna kukuruza dobiva se i 0,89 t biomase kukuruza što čine 0,71 t kukuruzovine i 0,18 t oklaska. Iako je neosporno kako se nastala biomasa mora prvenstveno vraćati u zemlju, preporučuje se zaoravanje između 30 i 50% te mase, što znači da za energetsku primjenu ostaje najmanje 30%.

HRVATSKI CENTAR OBNOVLJIVIH IZVORA ENERGIJE
SOLAR SERDAR


Željko Serdar
Voditelj poslovnog udruželja
solarserdar@gmail.com
www.solar-serdar.com

Wednesday, November 17, 2010

Renewable Energy Center SOLAR SERDAR recommends ECCOPLAN (croatian text)


Hrvatski Centar Obnovljivih Izvora Energije SOLAR SERDARpreporuča
ECCOPLANEccoplan je jedna od vodečih firmi u Hrvatskoj u ponudi štedljivih i ekoloških rješenja za grijanje i hlađenje u Vašem domu, te jedan od tržišnih pionira u ponudi proizvoda koji se oslanjaju na obnovljive izvore energije. Svi naši proizvodi predstavljaju vrhunac kvalitete u svojoj branši.

Početkom 2004. godine osnovana je firma Eccoplan sa primarnom misijom distribucije toplinskih pumpi priznato najkvalitetnijeg svjetskog proizvođača - švedske firme Thermia. Kao prva firma na području Hrvatske koja je nudila toplinske pumpe, bili smo i ostali predvodnici u uvođenju naprednih tehnologija koje koriste obnovljive izvore energije. Od tada do danas, proširili smo svoj asortiman kako bi bili u mogućnosti ponuditi cjelovita rješenja za instalaciju toplinskih pumpi u Hrvatskoj.

Stručnjaci za toplinske pumpe
Kao tvrtka sa najdužim iskustvom u prodaji i ugradnji toplinskih pumpi u Hrvatskoj, kvaliteta naših radova i proizvoda je neupitna. Naš asortiman sadrži sve elemente neophodne za instaliranje, dok je naš stručni tim na raspolaganju za instalaciju za sve kupce.

Odnos koji traje
Naša briga za kupca počinje sa njegovim prvim upitom, a ne prestaje nikada. Za svakog kupca nudimo realnu procjenu uštede i povrata investicije, te pomažemo u odabiru idealne kombinacije rješenja za njegove individualne potrebe. Nakon ugradnje, uz dogovor sa kupcem, provodimo periodičke provjere sustava, brinemo za detalje, radimo na održavanju ukoliko se za njim ukaže potreba, te radimo za Vašu evidenciju mjerenja potrošnje i učinkovitosti, kako bi Vaše iskustvo sa nama i našim proizvodima ispunilo sva Vaša očekivanja.

Pametna tehnologija današnjice
Sunce je gotovo neiscrpan izvor energije, koji grije i osvjetljava naš planet već gotovo pet milijardi godina, bez znakova umora. Energija koju Sunce predaje Zemlji najvećim dijelom biva zarobljena u zraku, tlu i vodi. Toplinske pumpe iskorištavaju tu sunčevu energiju kako bi grijale Vaš dom i osigurale vam toplu vodu tokom cijele godine, dok mnogi modeli nude i mogućnosti hlađenja tokom perioda vrućina.

Toplinske pumpe koriste električnu energiju ili kako bi preusmjerili toplinu iz okoliša u Vaš dom, ili kako bi višak topline iz vašeg doma preusmjerile u okoliš. Takvo preusmjeravanje topline troši znatno manje energije nego druga rješenja za grijanje ili hlađenje. Primjerice, kako bi zagrijala Vaš prostor, toplinskoj je pumpi potrebno samo 25% električne energije koja bi bila potrebna električnoj grijalici za isti zadatak. Uz ovako visoke uštede u potrošnji energije, prosječna toplinska pumpa u cijelosti povrati svoju vrijednost u samo nekoliko godina.Više informacija na
http://solarserdar.wordpress.com/.

Trajno rješenjeToplinske pumpe su vrlo robusne, pouzdane i izdržljive. Životni vijek toplinskih pumpi proizvedenih u zadnjih 20 godina teško je procijeniti jer - velika većina još uvijek radi optimalno. Realno je za očekivati da bi Vaša nova toplinska pumpa pouzdano radila barem tri desetljeća, vjerojatno i duže. Jednom kada ju se pravilno instalira, toplinska pumpa zahtjeva minimum pažnje i vrlo je jednostavna za održavanje.

Toplinske su pumpe također i vrlo jednostavne za korištenje - nakon ugradnje i namještanja postavki, možete i zaboraviti da imate toplinsku pumpu i mirno uživati u blagodatima mikroklime koje vam ona pruža.

Prijatelj okoliša
Dok većina drugih rješenja za grijanje ili hlađenje koristi sagorijevanje fosilnih goriva ili veliku količinu električne energije, koja je nažalost također dobivena većinom iz sagorijevanja fosilnih goriva, toplinske pumpe koriste samo malu količinu električne energije za postizanje velikih učinaka u Vašem prostoru.

Uz znatnu uštedu električne energije, koja katkad prelazi i 75% u poređenju sa klasičnim metodama hlađenja i grijanja, te bez ikakve negativne direktne interakcije s okolišem - bez ispuštanja ikakvih štetnih supstanci ili plinova, toplinske pumpe prepoznate su u svijetu kao jedno od rješenja koje najviše doprinosi zaštiti okoliša u segmentu grijanja i hlađenja domova ili poslovnih prostora.Više informacija na
http://solarserdar.blogspot.com/.

VRSTE TOPLINSKIH PUMPI
Zrak/Voda toplinske pumpe pružaju grijanje putem zatvorenog vodenog kruga, mogu grijati vodu za potrebe kućanstva, te neki modeli rade i kada se vanjske temperature spuste daleko ispod nule. Ova vrsta pumpi može pružiti cjelovito rješenje za grijanje vašeg doma ili poslovnog objekta.

Zemlja/Voda toplinske pumpe (geotermalne ili površinske) koriste zatvoreni sustav podzemnih cijevi kako bi izvlačile toplinsku energiju iz tla ili podzemnih voda. Poput zrak/voda, podzemne mogu grijati vodu za potrebe kućanstva i rade na nešto višim temperaturama, na kojima su puno učinkovitije zahvaljujući činjenici da temperatura tla ostaje stabilna tokom cijele godine, bez obzira na vremenske prilike.

Otpadni zrak pumpe recikliraju korišteni zrak iz vašeg doma ili poslovnog prostora i izvlače energiju iz njega. Ovakva vrsta pumpi ne može zadovoljiti potrebe grijanja niti može grijati toplu vodu, no može pružiti dodatne uštede i povećati učinkovitost drugih grijačih rješenja.

Sve toplinske pumpe u našoj ponudi koje griju i vodu za kućanstvo opremljene su i sigurnosnim grijačem koji dodatno podiže temperaturu vode kako bi spriječio nastanak bakterija u sustavu.

Povijest toplinskih pumpi
Lord Kelvin prvi je opisao princip rada toplinske pumpe još davne 1852. Prva komercijalna uporaba podzemne pumpe zabilježena je u zgradi Commonwealtha u Portlandu, 1946. Usprkos svojoj visokoj učinkovitosti i znantno manjem utrošku energije u poređenju sa klasičnim rješenjima za grijanje ili hlađenje, toplinske pumpe kao komercijalna tehnologija zaživjele su tek 70-ih godina prošlog stoljeća u skandinavskim zemljama, prvenstveno u Švedskoj, gdje je Thermia 1973. proizvela prvu komercijalnu toplinsku pumpu u Švedskoj sa integriranim spremnikom za toplu vodu.Više informacija na www.solar-serdar.com.

Spremnici za PTV
Akumulatori za efikasnu proizvodnju vruće vode za velike kuće i imanja.

Thermia KB i Thermia KBE su dva pouzdana akumulatora vruće vode koji spremaju vruću vodu zagrijanu dodatnim izmjenjivačem topline. Akumulatori su dizajnirani tako da rade sa vanjskim izvorom topline i izmjenjivačem topline.

Thermia KB i Thermia KBE su identični osim što KBE se isporučuje sa priključkom za uronski električni grijač. Dostupni su su veličinama od 2020 do 1000 litara. Za veče potrebe može se serijski spojiti nekoliko akumulatora.

Ventilokonvektori
Za ugodnu klimatizaciju cijele godine.
Aermec HL je ventilokonvektor koji vam efikasno omogućava održavanje jednolike i komforne temperature tokom cijele godine, a daje optimalne rezultate u kombinaciji sa Thermia sustavom klimatizacije.

Dodatna oprema
Modul hlađenja pasivno/aktivno omogućava vašoj toplinskoj pumpi pasivno, a kada to više nije dovoljno i aktivno hlađenje vašeg doma.

Kontakt sa djelatnicima firme ECCOPLANTel: +385 (0)49 412 165
Fax: +385 (0)49 412 165
GSM: +385 (0)91 5659 518
e-mail: info@eccoplan.hr

Sve što Vas zanima o TERMIA dizalicama topline možete naći na
www.thermia.com
ili na našim portalima

Hrvatski Centar Obnovljivih Izvora Energije SOLAR SERDAR
Željko Serdar
Voditelj poslovnog udruženja
solarserdar@gmail.com
www.solar-serdar.com

Tuesday, November 16, 2010

Croatian Center of Renewable Energy Sources - PARTNERSHIP (croatian text)










Hrvatski Centar Obnovljivih Izvora Energije - PARTNERI




Detaljnom analizom stanja gospodarskih sektora i osluškivanjem potreba poduzetnika, nastojimo zadržati fleksibilnost poslovanja prilagođavajući svoje programe zahtjevima tržišta, u cilju optimizacije poslovnih rezultata.

Kvalitetnim jamstvenim programima, formiranjem mreže kompetentnih poslovnih savjetnika, subvencioniranjem istraživanja i savjetovanja u području zaštite okoliša i očuvanja energije te promocijom i privlačenjem investicija u obnovljive izvore i poduzetništvo, želimo potaknuti ravnomjerni razvoj regija u RH te utjecati na brži rast malog i srednjeg poduzetništva kao i cjelokupnog nacionalnog gospodarstva.

Hrvatski Centar Obnovljivih Izvora Energije (HCOIE)


Aedilis d.o.o.

Prodaja i najam građevinskih alata, opreme i strojeva, rabljene opreme; servis i prodaja rezervnih dijelova; montaža i demontaža građevinske opreme; domaći i međunarodni transport /dostava robe na gradilište.
www.aedilis.hr

Akzo Nobel Boje Hrvatska d.o.o.

Proizvodnja građevinskog materijala, trgovina i usluge. Veleprodaja: boje, lakovi te ostali materijali za završne radove u graditeljstvu. Savjetovanje u primjeni istih, pružanje tehničke podrške.
www.dulux.com.hr

Armirač Inženjering d.o.o.

Dobava, izrada i montaža armature za armiranobetonske konstrukcije u visokogradnji, niskogradnji i hidrogradnji. Prodaja betonskog čelika i armaturnih mreža.
www.armirac.hr

Baumit građevinski materijali d.o.o.

Prodaja građevinskih materijala: žbuke, završni slojevi, ljepila, mortovi, fasadne ploče od stiropora, kamena vuna i pluto, specijalni materijali za sanaciju vlage. Savjetovanje o primjeni materijala.
www.baumit.hr

Betafence Hrvatska d.o.o.

Proizvodnja, prodaja i ugradnja ograda i ogradnih sustava. Vodeći smo europski proizvođač svih vrsta ograda: elektrovarene pocinčane i plastificirane industrijske ograde. Ogradni paneli različitih visina i boja. Pletene i elektrovarene žičane ograde u rolama.
www.betafence.hr

Beton Lučko d.o.o.

Graditeljstvo, proizvodnja, transport i trgovina. Visokogradnja, proizvodnja i prodaja betona i betonske galanterije od vibriranog betona, usluge voznog i strojnog parka. Proizvodnja betonskih ploča za zatvaranje tramvajskih kolosjeka.
www.betonlucko.hr

Bramac pokrovni sistemi d.o.o.

Proizvodnja i prodaja: crijep i krovna oprema (jednostrešni krov, rubni crijep, sljeme/greben, snjegobrani, ozračivanje krova, krovni proboji, osvjetljivanje krova, uvala, opšavi, učvršćenje krova, krovne folije, krovni žljebovi), usluge besplatnog izračuna pokrova...
www.bramac.hr

Centrometal d.o.o.

Proizvođač termotehničke opreme. Proizvodnja komponenata za centralno grijanje i pripremu potrošne tople vode, bilo uz pomoć plina, loživog ulja, krutog goriva, biogoriva ili solarne energije.
www.centrometal.hr

Chromos boje i lakovi d.d.

Proizvodnja: boje, lakovi, ljepila te praškasti proizvodi za graditeljstvo.
www.chromos.org

Comet d.o.o.

Veleprodaja, maloprodaja i servis proizvoda namijenjenih industriji, građevinarstvu i obrtništvu. Zastupnik je i ovlašteni distributer renomiranih europskih proizvođača alata i pribora - ručni alati UNIOR, brusni materijal COMET, električni alati MAKITA...
www.comet.hr

Diminox

Proizvodnja najmodernijom tehnologijom: dimovodne cijevi i elementi (priključci) svih vrsta i promjera iz inox limova. Primjena: od kućanstva stambenih zgrada...

Domprojekt d.o.o.

Zidane i montažne kuće - projektiranje, proizvodnja i gradnja.
www.domprojekt.hr

EKO Međimurje d.d.

Proizvodnja i prodaja: opekarski proizvodi, dijelovi za građevinske strojeve, proizvodnja plinske tehnike. Opeka (nosivi zidovi EKOBLOK i EKOTHERM, pregradni zidovi, NF opeka, fasadna opeka, stropna ispuna, zračnici). Dijelovi za građevinske strojeve...
www.eko.hr

Famy d.o.o.

Trgovina, graditeljstvo i vanjsko trgovinsko poslovanje. Veleprodaja i maloprodaja građevinskog materijala sa vlastitog skladišta u Sesvetama; valovite bitumenske pokrovne ploče, bitumenska šindra, PVC valovite i trapez ploče, krovne folije, čepaste trake za zaštitu...
www.famy.hr

FEAL Hrvatska d.o.o.

Proizvodnja i prodaja aluminijskih profila: građevinski profili (za izradu prozora, vrata, zimskih vrtova, fasada - ventilirajuće (kamena, keramička), alucobond fasade, brisoleji za fasade), trgovački profili (ograde, prometni znakovi...), industrijski profili prema narudžbi...
www.feal.ba

Fermacell GmbH

Prodaja kompletnog sustava suhe gradnje za unutarnje uređenje stropova, podova i zidova. FERMACELL ploče dimenzionirane za jednu osobu vrlo su praktično rješenje za promet/prolaz koji se odvija uskim stepenicama. Idealne su za strop i potkrovne nagibe.
www.xella.hr/html/cro/hr/fermacell_aktualno.php

GP Krk d.d.

Niskogradnja, visokogradnja, montažna gradnja te betonska galanterija. Vlastita proizvodnja: kameni agregati, betonski proizvodi (betonski rubnjaci, rigoli, šahtovi, omnia ploče) i asfaltne mješavine. Montažna gradnja: hale, tipske trafostanice, autobusne čekaonice...
www.gp-krk.hr

Gutta Hrvatska d.o.o.

Prodaja: Bitumenski pokrovi - gutta bitumenske valovite ploče i bitumenska šindra; Guttabeta zaštita izolacije - čepaste membrane; Guttagliss prozirne plastike za interijer, eksterijer, krov i zid - trapezne i valovite ploče, višeslojne ploče od polikarbonata...
www.gutta.com

Hauraton Hrvatska d.o.o.

NISKOGRADNJA - Kompletna odvodnja, stabilna, brza i modularna ugradnja; UREĐENJE OKOLIŠA - Kanalice za odvodnju kod uređenja okoliša, vrtova, pješačkih površina, pločnika... AQUA - Obrada vode i infiltracija; SPORT - Kanalice za odvodnju sa staza i terena...
www.hauraton.com/hr

Henkel Croatia d.o.o.

Prodaja ljepila i masa za brtvljenje za široku potrošnju i primjenu u kućanstvu, za "uradi sam" majstore, obrtnike, te za primjenu u građevinskoj industriji.
www.henkel.hr

HERC uslužni obrt

Prodaja: ulazni otirači renomiranih svjetskih proizvođača 3M i EMCO. Usluge: iznajmljivanje otirača, održavanje, dostave i podopolaganja otirača. Prodaja i postava zaštitnih folija za stakla, prodaja protukliznih traka, iznajmljivanje uredskih prostora, usluge čišćenja...
www.herc.hr

Holcim Hrvatska d.o.o.

Proizvodnja cementa, betona i agregata (drobljeni kamen, pijesak, šljunak) transportni beton i asfalt. Vrste cementa koje proizvodimo: Cement u vrećama: Holcim Majstor, Holcim Ekspert; Rasuti cement: Holcim Majstor, Holcim Ekspert, Holcim Lumen, Holcim Primus.
www.holcim.hr

I.T.V. d.o.o.

Proizvodnja Spezi hidratiziranog vapna, gašenog vapna i malta fine, proizvodnja ljepila za keramiku, finih žbuka, završnih mokrih žbuka i masa za zaglađivanje, prodaja Murexin proizvoda - ljepila za keramiku, hidroizolacija, mase za fugiranje, silikoni, predpremazi...
www.itv-murexin.hr

Ingra d.d.

GRADITELJSTVO: kompletna niskogradnja, istraživanje i studija izvedivosti, projektiranje i visokogradnja; ENERGETIKA: izgradnja hidroelektrana, termoelektrana, trafostanica i dr.; INDUSTRIJA projekti vezani uz industriju građevinskog materijala, naftna...
www.ingra.hr

Inker industrija keramike i porculana d.d.

Proizvodnja sanitarne keramike: WC školjke, umivaonici, bidei, keramički kotlići, stalci za umivaonike i pripadajuća oprema.
www.inker.hr

Italserrande Rolovrata Proizvodnja d.o.o.

Proizvodnja i ugradnja: garažna vrata, industrijska vrata te zaštitne rešetke. Rolo vrata, sekcijska vrata, brzopodizna vrata. Automatika za vrata i ograde. Motori za tende, rolete. Rampe i parking stupići za čuvanje parking mjesta.
www.rolovrata.com

Iveta d.o.o.

Proizvodnja i ugradnja PVC i ALU stolarije različitih oblika i boja: prozori, vrata (ulazna i balkonska), ukrasni paneli za vrata, rolete, grilje, klizne stijene, harmo stijene, zimski vrtovi. Prodaja stanova.
www.iveta.hr

Jedinstvo d.d.

Proizvodnja: stambeni i sanitarni kontejneri, kontejneri za smještaj telekomunikacijske i elektroopreme, kontejnerski objekti; proizvodne i skladišne hale, trapezno profilirani aluminijski i pocinčani limovi; oprema za ceste: ograde za zaštitu od vjetra...
www.jedinstvo.com

Jub d.o.o.

PROIZVODI ZA INTERIJERE: temeljni premazi, mase za izravnavanje, unutarnje boje, proizvodi za dekorativnu obradu, JUFIX tapete od staklenih vlakana, proizvodi za problematične površine, proizvodi za betonske površine, sredstva za nijansiranje, proizvodi za drvo...
www.jub.si/hr

Kaeser Kompressoren d.o.o.

Kompresori - proizvodnja, prodaja, održavanje. Projektiranje i izvođenje sustava komprimiranog zraka.
www.kaeser.hr

Kemenović d.o.o.

Proizvodnja i prodaja: ekspandirani polistiren (stiropor, EPS) za sve namjene u graditeljstvu - toplinska i zvučna izolacija podova, zidova, fasada, ravnih krovova i potkrovlja, ploče za drenažu, stiropor za lagani beton, profilli od stiropora - štukature, vijenci za fasade...
www.kemenovic.com

Knauf Insulation d.o.o.

Industrija termičkih, akustičkih i protupožarnih izolacija. Proizvodnja: kamena vuna robne marke TERVOL® za toplinsku, zvučnu i protupožarnu izolaciju u graditeljstvu, industriji i brodogradnji. Proizvodnja staklene vune Knauf Insulation a to su Classic 040...
www.knaufinsulation.hr

KONČAR - Kućanski aparati d.o.o.

Proizvodnja električnih aparata za kućanstvo, veleprodaja i maloprodaja kuhinja i ugostiteljske opreme.
www.koncar-ka.hr

Kutrilin TPV d.o.o.

Kutrilin TPV preko svoje Radne jedinice Graniti vrši izradu, prodaju i ugradnju kamenih ploča od granita i mramora. Izrada gotovih proizvoda od kamena (nadgrobni spomenici, stepenice, prozorske klupice, kuhinjske radne plohe, šankovi, stepenice, kupaonski elementi itd.).
www.graniti.com.hr

Lacuna d.o.o.
Distribucija, proizvodnja, te prodaja opreme za zaštitu na radu: zaštita ruku, zaštita glave, zaštita sluha, zaštita očiju, jednokratna zaštita tijela, odjeća visoke vidljivosti, oprema za rad na visini... Vatrogasni aparati te ostala oprema…
www.lacuna.hr

Lesnina Inženjering d.o.o.

Generalni zastupnik tvrtke AHI ROOFING koja je najveći proizvođač prefabriciranih limenih krovnih ploča GERARD. GERARD KROVOVI: GERARD KLASIK (oblik klasičnog pokrova); GERARD BIBER (oblik biber crijepa); GERARD MEDITERAN (oblik kanalice)...
www.lesnina-i.hr

Lindab d.o.o.

Tvrtka Lindab bavi se proizvodnjom i prodajom proizvoda i proizvodnih sustava namijenjenih sektoru građevinarstva. Spektar proizvoda uključuje sustav drenaže krova Rainline, krovni/zidni sustav Coverline, lako konstruktivni sustav Construline te sustave za ventilaciju.
www.lindab.hr

Lipovica d.o.o.

Proizvodnja: aluminijski radijatori i odljevci u tlačnom i kokilnom lijevu, te ukrasni stupovi (kokilni lijev od aluminijske legure) za uređenje okoliša - pločnici, parkirališta, prolazi...
www.lipovica.hr

M SORA ZAGREB d.o.o.

Proizvodnja, prodaja i montaža drvene i drvo-aluminij stolarije: prozori, panoramske stijene (preklopne stijene, podizno klizne stijene, klizno otklopne stijene), vrata (unutarnja, vanjska), ugradnja prozora, dodaci za prozore i vrata...
www.m-sora.si/hr

M-Profil d.o.o.

Građenje objekata od čelika, čelične konstrukcije, krovni i zidni sendvič paneli, profilirani limovi, PVC i AL prozori i vrata, profili za suhu gradnju, armaturne mreže, netkani tekstili, kontejneri, strojevi za obradu lima...
www.m-profil.hr

Magrad d.o.o.

Najam i servis EKO mobilnih WC kabina, stambeno - poslovnih kontejnera za gradilišta, uredskih kontejnera i sanitarnih kontejnera. Najam ekskluzivnih sanitarnih prikolica te prodaja komunalne opreme (ekološki WC, plastični WC, kemijski WC...
www.magrad.hr

NATURA STUDIO d.o.o. - centar energetske efikasnosti

Gradnja pasivnih i niskoenergetskih kuća, montažnih kuća. Gradnja stambenih i nestambenih zgrada, montaža kuća visoke kvalitete, gradnja niskoenergetskih naselja, gradnja po principu ključ u ruke (od projekta do faze ključ u ruke).
www.naturastudio.hr

Nexe Grupa d.d.

Proizvodnja i prodaja građevinskog materijala: Beton: svježi plastični i pumpani beton od MB 10 do MB 40, lagani beton, cementna stabilizacija i cementne glazure s dodatkom aditiva...
www.nexe.hr

Nivogradnja d.o.o.

Investiranje, projektiranje, nadzor nad gradnjom, izgradnja stambeno poslovnih objekata, prodaja stanova i poslovnih prostora, prodaja građevinskog materijala.
www.nivogradnja.hr

Novoferm d.o.o.

Garažna vrata, protupožarna vrata, protuprovalna vrata, sobna vrata, metalni dovratnici, motori za ograde. Veleprodaja i maloprodaja.
www.novoferm.hr

Novolit d.d.

Proizvodnja: kombi ploče za toplinsku i zvučnu izolaciju i apsorpciju zvuka - NOVOLIT, KOMBIVOL, KOMBIPOR te ekspandirani polistiren - NOVOLIT STIROPOR. Izrada: fasadni profili, dekorativne štukature i plastika za vanjske i unutrašnje dekoracije.
www.novolit.com/hr

Okipor d.o.o.

Prerada ekspandiranog polistirena i proizvodnja toplinsko izolacijskih materijala i ambalaže te distribucija hidroizolacija na bazi bitumena i ostale trgovačke robe.
www.okipor.hr

Otis dizala d.o.o.

Dizala, pokretne stepenice, pokretne trake. Projektiranje, konzalting, servis, održavanje, ugradnja, modernizacije: dizala, pokretnih stepenica i pokretnih traka.
www.otis.com

PBZ Nekretnine d.o.o.

Promet nekretninama, graditeljstvo i usluge. Kupoprodaja nekretnina, posredovanje u kupoprodaji nekretnina, iznajmljivanje nekretnina, usluge građevinskog vještačenja, procjena vrijednosti nekretnina, izrada elaborata za investicijska ulaganja, etažiranje...
www.pbz-nekretnine.hr

Peri oplate i skele d.o.o.

Proizvodnja oplatnih sistema i sistema skela: nosači oplata, oplata stupova, penjajući sistemi, nosive skele, skele, radni podesti, stepeništa, oplate za mostogradnju i tunelogradnju, spojni pribor, usluge...
www.peri.com.hr

Petrokov d.o.o.

Generalni zastupnik i ovlašteni serviser za kotlove, bojlere i opremu Vaillant. U svojoj ponudi imamo kotlove i plamenike "CTC", kotlove na plinsko, tekuće i kruto gorivo Ferolli i Centrometal te ostalu opremu za grijanje proizvođača Giersch, Rotex, Grundfos, Herz...
www.petrokov.hr

Phoenix Capitis d.o.o.

PhoenixLifestyle je najveći hrvatski lanac kvalitetnog namještaja i opreme za uređenje interijera. Veleprodaja i maloprodaja: namještaj za stanovanje (dnevni boravci, blagovaonice, kuhinje, spavaće sobe, dječje sobe), namještaj za urede, namještaj za ugostiteljstvo...
www.phoenixlifestyle.com.hr

Pipelife - Hrvatska cijevni sustavi d.o.o.

Proizvodnja i prodaja plastičnih cijevi i cijevnih sustava za primjenu u distribuciji vode, plina, tople sanitarne vode, tople vode za grijanje, odvodnji i kabelskoj zaštiti. Opskrba kupaca cijevima i cjevovodnom opremom, što uključuje i nabavu...
www.pipelife.hr

PREFA Aluminiumprodukte Ges.m.b.H. Zastupstvo za RH

Proizvodnja i prodaja: aluminijska krovna i fasadna rješenja te savjetovanje. Aluminijska krovna rješenja od gotovih elemenata raznih oblika: Prefa krovne ploče, Prefa krovne šindre, Prefa krovni rombovi; Aluminijska krovna rješenja za falcane krovove Prefalz...
hr.prefa.com

Rabalux Rasvjeta d.o.o.

Proizvodnja i veleprodaja rasvjetnih tijela. Veliki izbor klasične i moderne rasvjete: reflektori (spotovi), stolne i podne lampe, visilice i lusteri, zidne i stropne (plafonjere) svjetiljke, fluorescentna rasvjeta, vanjska rasvjeta.
www.rabalux.hu

Robert Bosch d.o.o. Toplinska tehnika

Proizvodni program obuhvaća: solarne sustave, dizalice topline, kotlove na kruta goriva, visokoučinkovite sustave grijanja na osnovi fosilnih goriva, kao i inteligentnu regulaciju.
www.bosch-climate.com.hr

Rockwool Adriatic d.o.o.

Rockwool Adriatic je dio Rockwool Grupe, vodećeg svjetskog dobavljača negorive za okoliš prihvatljive kamene vune. Proizvodnja i prodaja: kamena vuna i proizvodi bazirani na kamenoj vuni namijenjeni za toplinsku, zvučnu i protupožarnu izolaciju.
www.rockwool.hr

SCHIEDEL - proizvodnja dimnjaka d.o.o.

Proizvodnja: dimovodni kanali svih profila, ventilacijski sustavi i šamotna opeka, INOX dimnjaci za novogradnju te sistemi sanacija postojećih dimovodnih kanala, vanjskih i unutarnjih kamina.
www.schiedel.hr

Schomburg d.o.o.

ZASTUPSTVO PROIZVODNOG PROGRAMA TVRTKE SCHOMBURG GmbH: brtvljenje građevina / sanacije, postavljanje pločica i prirodnog kamena, izrada glazura/industrijski podovi, vrtovi i okućnice/ostali materijali...
www.schomburg.hr

Semmelrock Stein + Design d.o.o.

Proizvodnja i prodaja: betonski opločnici i ploče za garažne prilaze, vrtne staze, terase, pločnike, parkirališta, šetališta, trgove itd.; Cestovni i parkovni rubnjaci, kanalice, travne rešetke, vrtne ploče, betonski cvjetnjaci; Sredstva za čišćenje, održavanje...
www.semmelrock.hr

Spačva d.d.

Proizvodnja građevinske stolarije i elemenata. Prerada drveta, proizvodnja: parketi, ulazna i sobna vrata, rezani furnir, spajani furnir, drvni elementi, piljena građa, vrtne garniture i ljepljene ploče.
www.spacva.hr

Tapo d.o.o.

Proizvodnja: ergonomske stolice. Zastupanje najvećih svjetskih proizvođača ergonomskog namještaja, korporacije Okamura iz Japana i nizozemskog Ahrenda i američke multinacionalne kompanije Herman Miller.
www.tapo.hr

Teknoxgroup d.o.o.

Teknoxgroup je ovlašteni zastupnik proizvoda tvrtke Caterpillar, također, tvrtka je i ovlašteni zastupnik za rudarske lopate Terex, dizalice Locatelli te građevinske i industrijske gume tvrtke Michelin.
www.teknoxgroup.com

Tepih Centar d.o.o.

Maloprodaja i veleprodaja: tepisi, tepisoni, staze, PVC obloge, laminati i ostale podne obloge i pribor.
www.tepih-centar.hr

Termosan d.o.o.

Grijanje, klimatizacija, sanitarije - prodaja, savjeti, izvedba, održavanje. GRIJANJE: aluminijski radijatori, gusnati radijatori, plinski bojleri, plinski kotlovi, uljni kotlovi... SANITARIJE: kade, akrilne kade, gusnate kade, tuš-kade, tuš kabine i niše...
www.termosan.hr

Tondach d.d.

Proizvodnja i prodaja: glineni crijep i pripadajuća oprema za krov.
www.tondach.hr

Trimo građenje d.o.o.

Visokogradnja, građenje objekata, čelične konstrukcije, čelične hale, kontejneri, krovne konstrukcije, krovni paneli, fasadni paneli, trapezni limovi, pokrovi za privatne objekte.
www.trimo.hr

Ursa Zagreb d.o.o.

Prodaja toplinske i zvučne izolacije od mineralne - staklene vune i ekstrudiranog polistirena.
www.ursa.com.hr

VAILLANT GmbH, Predstavništvo u RH

Proizvođač zidnih i samostojećih uređaja za centralno grijanje i pripremu potrošne tople vode (bojleri i kotlovi) na sve vrste energenata - plin, struja, ulje, solar, obnovljivi izvori energije. Proizvođač pripadajuće regulatorne tehnologije kao i klima uređaja.
www.vaillant.hr

Werkos d.o.o.

Inženjering, projektiranje i izvođenje specijalnih radova u graditeljstvu. Proizvodnja i distribucija svih vrsta geosintetičkih materijala i rješenja u niskogradnji te sanacija prometnica...
www.werkos.com

Wienerberger Ilovac d.d.

Opeka i opekarski proizvodi. Proizvodnja: POROTHERM pregradni zidovi, POROTHERM opečni nadvoji, stropni sustav POROTHERM, elementi za vertikalni serklaž.
www.wienerberger.hr

Xella porobeton HR d.o.o.

YTONG građevinski elementi za energetski učinkovitu gradnju.
www.xella.hr

Hrvatski Centar Obnovljivih Izvora Energije


Željko Serdar
Voditelj poslovnog udruželja
solarserdar@gmail.com

Monday, November 15, 2010

RENEWABLE ENERGY CENTER promote GASOKOL


RENEWABLE ENERGY CENTER SOLAR SERDAR
recommends
GASOKOL
As one of the Austrian solar pioneers Erwin Gattringer and his wife Getraud founded the specialised wholesale trade Gattringer GmbH in the year 1981. Only a few years later the development and production of an own solar collector started, the trademark GASOKOL was registered and the GASOKOL GmbH was founded.

Today the assortment ranges from solar thermal solar collectors and accessories to solar storage systems and system components, what makes GASOKOL to a system provider in the solar industry. Beside high-quality products GASOKOL offers high specilist know-how in planning, conception and dimensioning of solar thermal systems. GASOKOL is one of the leading companies in the field of renewable energies.

On a production area of about 4.500 m² GASOKOL produces solar systems with an collector area of about 80.000 m² every year. Partners in more than 18 European countries are supplied with GASOKOL-systems, that are perfectly adjusted to the local requirements. The export share represents more than 70 %.More info at
http://solarserdar.blogspot.com/

Renewable Energy Center SOLAR SERDAR promote PRODUCTS of GASOKOL
Solar
COLLECTORS

GASOKOL solar collectors are best suitable
for in- and on-roof application. They are
characterized by their precious design and simple
installation. Perfectly coordinated systems and
assured quality guarantee durable high efficiency.

Solar COOLING
SYSTEMS

Solar cooling systems represent an optimal
additional value of solar systems. In combination
with a solar system for heating support or warm water
generation the collectors achieve highest annual return.
Perfectly coordinated components guarantee best
functionality and highest energy savings.

COMPLETE SOLAR
SYSTEMS

Not only the selection of high-quality
components but also the harmonic coordination of the
elements of a solar system is of essential relevance. GASOKOL offers complete solar systems from one source, which fulfill highest quality demands from planning to initial operation and maintenance.

System
COMPONENTS

Solar systems of GASOKOL contain high
quality solar components what ensures
unproblematic and comfortable
utilisation.

SOLAR STORAGE
SYSTEMs

The product range of GASOKOL offers storage
solutions for every application. Great importance
is attached on the input of high quality materials
and simple installation.

SOLAR
CONTROLLERS

Wether single circuit, manifold circuit
or free programmable solar controller -
GASOKOL offers the ideal solution
for the optimal regluation of every
GASOKOL solar system.
More info about GASOKOL products at

http://solarserdar.wordpress.com/

http://www.gasokol.at/content/index.cfm/fuseaction/77,dsp,0,1,0,0,0,0,-solar-collectors-system-components-solar-cooling-solar-storage-systems-complete-systems-solar-systems.html

Our competences – your advantage
GASOKOL, the Austrian pioneer for solar thermal solutions, has been successfully developing and producing solar collectors and system solutions for more than 20 years now. The vast experience and the use of high-tech materials ensure that the products from GASOKOL meet the highest quality standards. This is reflected in the durability and ease of use of the products. The dedication of every single employee guarantees complete satisfaction to our clients.

Our expertise and Know-how – your profit
With choosing products of GASOKOL you will achieve an advance in expertise and know-how, from which you and your customers – from private households to commercial clients - will take profit. Unlike many other conglomerates, GASOKOL has devoted itself exclusively to the development of and production of high-quality solar energy systems. This focus on a single area of expertise and constant exposure to the practice has given us a clear know-how advantage.
Please find attached a short presentation of GASOKOL.

Jochen Luftensteiner
CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER

GASOKOL GmbHA-4351 Saxen, Solarpark 1
T 0043 (0) 7269 / 766 00-305
F 0043 (0) 7269 / 766 00-330
E jochen.luftensteiner@gasokol.at
W www.gasokol.at

RENEWABLE ENERGY CENTER SOLAR SERDAR
Željko Serdar
Head of business association
solarserdar@gmail.com
www.solar-serdar.com

Saturday, November 13, 2010

SOLAR SERDAR promote XD CONCEPT ELECTRIC CAR



RENEWABLE ENERGY CENTER SOLAR SERDAR promote
XD Concept Electric Car

The XD is a concept electric vehicle that seats three adults and has a powerful electric engine that is capable of achieving 0-100 km/hr in 7.7 seconds. The XD combines the most attractive features of a city car in an attractive package. The small length (2.8 meters), comfortable interior (width 1. 7 meters, height 1.6 meters), and performance of a compact sports vehicle (0-100 km/hr in 7.7 seconds) is sure to get the attention of investors and car enthusiasts alike. Let’s not forget that all this comes with 0 CO2 emissions. In designing the XD, DOK-ING used its experience as a global leader in manufacturing specialized vehicles. Technology developed in manufacturing remote-controlled, diesel, hybrid, and electric powered machines for the demining and underground mining industries proved to be key to finding the right components for the electric car. For more information, please visit www.xdconcept.com

XD: an extra big smile A little while yet, and the recession is behind us, were the commentaries of major manufacturers at the just recently ended motor show “Geneva 2010″. To confirm it was also the audience and its interest in new vehicles. Among the new items was for the first time also one from Croatia – XD Concept of the Zagreb Doking. Despite a great uncertainty when speaking of its destiny, it was exposed at the entrance into the Green Pavilion of the motor show. Vainly, as from the first day it has been arresting the attention of all visitors. The media also gave it an exceptional publicity, visitors and exhibitors from other stands pushed around in order to sit in it, and potential investors and manufacturing associates started talking business on their own initiative. I am so happy that this concept of our urban electric XD has attracted such great attention – declared the director of Doking and chief designer of XD Vjekoslav Majetić upon his return from Geneva. He concluded with the following words: I am taking it as the recognition to our commitment to create completely new concepts reconciling solutions which until yesterday, without sophisticated information technologies, had been inconceivable.More info at http://solarserdar.blogspot.com/.

To this conclusion have come also a great number of media from all over the world, describing the XD, this comfy and spirited urban electric automobile, as the ‘Small Croatian Pocket Rocket’ and pointing it out as one of the sensations of the Geneva 2010 motor show not to be missed. Namely, most of the journalists agree on this, that no one has offered so far in an urban automobile so successful combination of comfort, driving properties and functionally conceived attractive design. Thousands and thousands of visitors have demonstrated it in their own way. A person had to force one’s way through a crowd of eager automobile lovers to reach the exposed XD, and to sit in it one had to queue up. This is an excellent affirmation of our concept of the driver subordinated driver’s cab, in effect of the fact, that we have succeeded in creating a ‘merger of the future’ – a combination of three automobile classes in one, and many other manufacturers are evidently thriving to do the same – commented the project manager of XD Tomislav Boško. Doking is very satisfied also with the business effects of participating at the Geneva motor show. The first day already they have received several offers to buy off XD in its current prototype execution, and then came the offers of potential cooperation with big automobile companies, but also of investments in production of this urban electric car in Croatia. Estimates of Doking are that the first XD series may be delivered to the market in one year at the earliest, at a price of 25 to 30 thousand Euros for the standard vehicle equipment, have been appraised as very real – moreover, almost 10 thousand serious inquiries arrived, while the first fifty XD have already been sold. Now is the turn to make the first tests of XD and homologation – this is the end of the serial production feasibility study and the next step are detailed discussions with investors. The fact that as a small company from Croatia we have attracted great interest of global public, both with respect to design and excellent performances of XD, and that we have on equal footing with big automobile industries presented our concept of electric automobile, gives us the right to have faith in the future of the first Croatian serial automobile – it is stressed in Doking after the Geneva motor show.

Renewable Energy Center SOLAR SERDAR

Željko Serdar

Head of business association
solarserdar@gmail.com

www.solar-serdar.com

Friday, November 12, 2010

SOLAR SERDAR - PASSIVE SOLAR HOME DESIGN



RENEWABLE ENERGY CENTER SOLAR SERDAR
Passive Solar Home DesignYour home's windows, walls, and floors can be designed to collect, store, and distribute solar energy in the form of heat in the winter and reject solar heat in the summer. This is called passive solar design or climatic design. Unlike active solar heating systems, passive solar design doesn't involve the use of mechanical and electrical devices, such as pumps, fans, or electrical controls to move the solar heat.

Passive solar homes range from those heated almost entirely by the sun to those with south-facing windows that provide some fraction of the heating load. The difference between a passive solar home and a conventional home is design. The key is designing a passive solar home to best take advantage of your local climate. For more information, see how a passive solar home design works at http://solarserdar.blogspot.com/.You can apply passive solar design techniques most easily when designing a new home. However, existing buildings can be adapted or "retrofitted" to passively collect and store solar heat.

To design a completely passive solar home, you need to incorporate what are considered the five elements of passive solar design. Other design elements include:

Window location and glazing type
Insulation and air sealing
Auxiliary heating and cooling systems, if needed.
These design elements can be applied using one or more of the following passive solar design techniques:

Direct gain
Indirect gain (Trombe wall)
Isolated gain (Sunspace).
When incorporating these design elements and techniques, you want to design for summer comfort, not just for winter heating.

Your home's landscaping can also be incorporated into your passive solar design.

To understand how a passive solar home design works, you need to understand how heat moves and how it can be stored.More info at www.solar-serdar.com.As a fundamental law, heat moves from warmer materials to cooler ones until there is no longer a temperature difference between the two. To distribute heat throughout the living space, a passive solar home design makes use of this law through the following heat-movement and heat-storage mechanisms:

Conduction
Conduction is the way heat moves through materials, traveling from molecule to molecule. Heat causes molecules close to the heat source to vibrate vigorously, and these vibrations spread to neighboring molecules, thus transferring heat energy. For example, a spoon placed into a hot cup of coffee conducts heat through its handle and into the hand that grasps it.

Convection
Convection is the way heat circulates through liquids and gases. Lighter, warmer fluid rises, and cooler, denser fluid sinks. For instance, warm air rises because it is lighter than cold air, which sinks. This is why warmer air accumulates on the second floor of a house, while the basement stays cool. Some passive solar homes use air convection to carry solar heat from a south wall into the building's interior.

Radiation
Radiant heat moves through the air from warmer objects to cooler ones. There are two types of radiation important to passive solar design: solar radiation and infrared radiation. When radiation strikes an object, it is absorbed, reflected, or transmitted, depending on certain properties of that object.

Opaque objects absorb 40%–95% of incoming solar radiation from the sun, depending on their color—darker colors typically absorb a greater percentage than lighter colors. This is why solar-absorber surfaces tend to be dark colored. Bright-white materials or objects reflect 80%–98% of incoming solar energy.

Inside a home, infrared radiation occurs when warmed surfaces radiate heat towards cooler surfaces. For example, your body can radiate infrared heat to a cold surface, possibly causing you discomfort. These surfaces can include walls, windows, or ceilings in the home.

Clear glass transmits 80%–90% of solar radiation, absorbing or reflecting only 10%–20%. After solar radiation is transmitted through the glass and absorbed by the home, it is radiated again from the interior surfaces as infrared radiation. Although glass allows solar radiation to pass through, it absorbs the infrared radiation. The glass then radiates part of that heat back to the home's interior. In this way, glass traps solar heat entering the home.

Thermal capacitance
Thermal capacitance refers to the ability of materials to store heat. Thermal mass refers to the materials that store heat. Thermal mass stores heat by changing its temperature, which can be done by storing heat from a warm room or by converting direct solar radiation into heat. The more thermal mass, the more heat can be stored for each degree rise in temperature. Masonry materials, like concrete, stones, brick, and tile, are commonly used as thermal mass in passive solar homes. Water also has been successfully used.

CROATIAN RENEWABLE ENERGY CENTER
SOLAR SERDAR

Željko Serdar
Head of business association
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